Visual and Hearing Impairments

legally blind

• has visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye even with correction.

  May nakikita or nade-detect ka pa rin unlike sa BLIND.

low vision (partially sighted)

• visual acuity falling between 20/70 and 20/200 in the better eye with correction.

  May paglabo ng mata or certain distortion sa mga nakikita.

Classification of Visual Impairment

• legally blind

• low vison (partially sighted)

Education Considerations of Visual Impairment

• Braille

• Use of Remaining Sight (Eyeglasses)

• Orientation and Mobility Training

• Technological Aids

Literary Braille

• used for most everyday situations.

  These are alphabets.

Nemeth Code

• used for mathematical and scientific symbols.

  These are numbers, example is yung sa elevator.

Unified English Braille

• combines these several codes into one.

  This is combination of words and numbers.

Perkins Brailler

• has six keys, one for each of the six dots of the cell, when depressed simultaneously, the keys leave an embossed print on the paper.

  Dito nagkakaroon ng capacity ang mga visually impaired para basahin kung ano man ang kanilang itinype.

Slate and Stylus

• the stylus is pressed through the opening of the slate, which holds the paper between its two halve.

  Ito naman yung typical and ginagamit ito para makapagproduce ka ng embossed print kung meron ka mang gustong isulat or kung may need kang i-produce na written product.

BRAILLE

• Literary Braille

• Nemeth Code

• Unified English Braille

• Perkins Brailler

• Slate and Stylus

  Ito yung pagturo sa mga visually impaired individuals in the use of communicating, writing, and reading with the use of dots.

Large Print Books

• type sizes for readers with visual impairment may range up to 30-point type.

  Para mabasa nila agad.

Magnifying Devices

• handheld magnifiers, monocular telescopes, or binocular telescopes that sit on eyeglass-type frames.

  Para lumaki yung text na binabasa mo or made-detect mo.

Use of Remaining Sight

• Large Print Books

• Magnifying Devices

  The use of eyeglasses, corrective glasses, or magnifying devices.

Long Cane

• much longer than the canes typically used for support or balance.

  Example is yung mga tungkod.

Guide Dogs

• the dogs need to undergo extensive training.

  The dog must undergo extensive training para masabing guide dog siya.

Tactile Maps

• embossed representations of the environment.

  You can use this kapag ikaw ay lalabas or magba-byahe.

Human Guides

• enable people with visual impairment to have the greatest freedom in moving about safely.

  Example nito yung yellow tiles sa lrt/mrt and even sa other places, wherein ito yung sinusundan nila at para na rin maiwasan ang aksidente.

Orientation and Mobility Training

• Long Cane

• Guide Dogs

• Tactile Maps

• Human Guides

Kurzweil 1000™

• user places the material on a scanner that reads the material with an electronic voice or renders it in braille.

  Ishu-shoot yung papel doon then babasahin niya kung ano yung content nung ini-scan or ipi-print niya ng nakabraille or naka-embosed siya.

Braille Notetakers

• user enters information with a braille keyboard and can transfer the information into a larger computer.

Screen Readers

• can magnify information on the screen, convert on-screen text to speech, or do both.

  May ici-click ka lang kung gusto mong marinig yung mga sound or mga letter.

Global Positioning System (GPS)

• technological aid for orientation and mobility.

  Madalas magagamit mo ito kapag ikaw ay lumalabas, naglalakad, o magba-byahe.

Technological Aids

• Kurzweil 1000™

• Braille Notetakers

• Screen Readers

• Global Positioning System (GPS)

  Kahit tayong mga non-exceptional kung magbabasa tayo is meron ng mga technology na maririnig na lang natin, which siya yung nagbabasa ng mga text.

Classification of Hearing Impairment

• Hearing Impairment

• Deaf

• Hard of Hearing

• Congenitally Deaf

• Adventitiously Deaf

• Prelingual Deafness

• Postlingual Peafness

Hearing Impairment

a broad term that covers individuals with impairments ranging from mild to profound.

Deaf

• precludes successful processing of linguistic information through audition, with or without a hearing aid.

  Wala talagang naririnig na stimulus for hearing.

Hard of Hearing

• with the use of a hearing aid, has residual hearing sufficient to enable.

  Meron ka pa ring naririnig or nare-receive, yun nga lang maaaring sobra-sobra or napakahina.

Congenitally Deaf

• those who are born deaf.

  Simula pinanganak ay wala na itong naririnig.

Adventitiously Deaf

• acquire deafness at some time after birth.

  Pinanganak na nakakarinig naman pero initially habang lumalaki yung baby ay doon nakita na mayroon pala siyang deaf.

Prelingual Deafness

• deafness that occurs speech and language develop.

  Ito yung kadalasang mute and deaf. May konting naririnig naman na sounds pero hindi talaga nila kaya ng iprocess yung speech and language comprehension.

Postlingual Deafness

• occurs after the development of speech.

  Meron na silang initially na pandinig pero nawala because of certain circumstances.

Types of Hearing Impairment

• Deaf

• Hard of Hearing

Educational Consideration of Hearing Impairment

• Oral Approaches

• Total Communication/Simultaneous Communication

• Technological Advances

• Testing Accommodations

Auditory-Verbal Approach

• using audition to improve speech and language development.

  Through following the movement of the mouth.

• hearing aids and cochlear implants, speech training.

Auditory-Oral Approach

• use of visual cues.

  Ito rin yung mga movement of the mouth.

• speechreading (lip reading).

• cued speech - uses handshapes to represent specific sounds while speaking.

  Example nito yung saying ‘hello’ and clapping. This is to help the individual in terms of how to communicate.

Oral Approaches

• Auditory-Verbal approach

• Auditory-Oral approach

Signing English Systems

devised for teaching people who are deaf to communicate

With the use of sign language.

Fingerspelling

representation of letters of the English alphabet by finger positions.

Ito yung mga commonly na alam natin na sign language, naituro sa atin, or mga napapanood natin.

Total/Simultaneous Communication

• Signing English Systems

• Fingerspelling

Technological Advances

• Hearing Aids

  Nakakatulong ito, bata or matanda man para makareceive sila ng audition stimulus.

• Television, Video, and Movie Captioning

  Pagbasa ng subtitles.

• Text Telephones (TT)

• Computer-Assisted Instruction (Read Aloud)

  Ito yung iciclick mo lang yung sound ng speaker or yung vibration sa ears, na kung saan siya ang magbabasa sayo sa kung ano ang nakalagay sa text or screen.

Testing Accomodations

• sign interpretation for directions and for test questions.

  Para madetermine kung si learner is naiintindihan niya ba yung mga lessons. Na kung saan si teacher ay maaari siyang magset ng acommodation para makasagot si learner.

• extended time.

  It is given para sa mga tests and quizzes.

• small group or individual administration.

  This is applicable for testing na maaaring i-provide ni teacher or educator.