4. AP PSYCH

Applied psychology

The application of the theories, principles, and techniques of psychology to practical concerns, such as problems of living or coping, education, guidance, and other environments

Urie bronfrenbrenner

“CHARLE MAKES EVERYONE MORE MAD”

Chromosystem

Time

Macrosystem

Social norms, political cultures, economics

Exosystem

local gov, parents, freinds, mass mediaM

Mesosystem

NO CONNECTIONS

Microsystem

Work, school, family, friends, neighbors

Trust vs mistrust

Can i rely on my caregivers

(INFANCY - 1 Y/O)

Autonomy vs shame

(shame/doubt)

Do i have any control

(TODDLERHOOD - 1/3 Y/O)

Initiative vs guilt

Is it okay to do stuff

(PRESCHOOL - 3/6 Y/O)

Industry vs inferiority

(usefulness / inferiority)

Am i useful?

(ELEM SCHOOL/ 6 - PUBERTY)

Identity vs role confusion

Who am I?

(ADOLESCENT TEEN - 20S)

Intimacy vs isolation

Can I love?

(YOUNG ADULTHOOD; 20S - 40S)

Generativity vs stagnation

Am i on the right path?

(MID ADULTHOOD; 40S-60S)

Integrity vs despair

Did my life count?

(LATE ADULTHOOD; 60S+)

Erik Erikson

Theory of PSYCHOLOGICAL (SOCIAL) DEVELOPMENT, created an 8-stage theory involving infancy to late adulthood

Jean Piaget

Psychologist who studied how the mind developed after birth through adulthood

-children are active thinkers, always trying to make sense of the world, to make sense of the world they develop schemas

Schema

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information learns from culture and adjust behavior

-assimilation
-accommodation

Assimilation

Fitting NEW INTO EXISTING SCHEMA,

INTERPRETING NEW EXPERIENCES in terms of ones CURRENT understanding

Accomodation

CHANGE TO MAKE NEW SCHEMA

ADJUSTING current schema in order to MAKE SENSE OF new

Sensorimotor

(JP) STAGE 1; 0-2 Y/O

Object Permanance, objects continue to exist even when they are not currently visible

Pre-operational

(JP) STAGE 2; 2-6 Y/O

Ego Centric , “World revolves around them”

Concrete Operational

(JP) STAGE 3; 7-12 Y/O

Concepts and Observations; Volume, scaffolding

If you move water from a jug to cup, the volume remains the same

Formal Operations

(JP) STAGE 4; 12-CURRENT

Hypothesis testing

Logic → Abstract thoughts

Lev Vygotsky

Self talk, Proximal development, theory of mind

Self talk

Aids in cognitive processing; an internal dialogue in which an individual utters phrases or sentences to themself.

Proximal development

Kids learn what’s COGITIVELY within reach, independent WITH ASSISTANCE

EX: cant teach a 6th grader algebra 2

Theory of mind

Ability to take on another perspective

Authorian

(Diana Baumrind) CORERCIVE parents

EX: “Because I said so..” “No”

-CAN produce kids whom DISTRUST others and have more volatile social interactions

**N FOR “NO”

Permissive

(Diana Baumrind) Unrestrainting parents with few or little limits

Neglectful

(Diana Baumrind) Uninvolved parents, neither demanding nor responsive

Authoritative

(Diana Baumrind) CONFRONTIVE parents, demanding and responsive,

-Produces more socially capable and academically confident kids

**E for EXPLAIN

Attachment

MEANS OF SURVIVAL and precursor, reciprocal relationship between caregiver and child

Imprinting

Animals imprint on the FIRST object they may encounter

**HENRY HARLOW

Newborn reflexes

Rooting, Sucking, Startle, Grasping, Babinski

Rooting

Stroke cheek and turns

Sucking

As in closing nipple to feed

Startle

(MORO) arms and legs out

Grasping

Clenching in palm

Babinski

(BOTTOM OF FOOT), toe goes up and spreads

Gender roles

“Set of expected behaviors” for males and females

Gender typing

Acquiring of traditional male or female roles, (Culturally influenced)F

Gender indifferences

In aggression are greatest in cultures with gender inequality

Temperment

A persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity