CHEM 101 pt. 2

Periods

Horizontal rows of periodic table

Groups, Families

Vertical columns of the periodic table

Periodic Law

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic pattern in their physical and chemical properties.

Alkali Metals

have the high thermal and electrical conductivity, lustre, ductility, and malleability 

Alkaline Earth Metals

These are highly reactive as they tend to lose electrons from the s-orbitals and have low ionization energy.

Inner Transition Metals

Rare-earth elements.

Inner Transition Metals

 highly reactive, have a high melting point, and a high density. Inner transition elements are also very good conductors of electricity.

Halogens

have low melting and boiling points, high electronegativities, and are sparingly soluble in water. 

Noble Gases

Odorless, colorless, nonflammable, and monotonic gases that have low chemical reactivity. 

Ionic Bond

Loss and gain of electrons

Covalent

Sharing of electrons

Ionic

Metal + Non metal. Cation anionide

Covalent

non metal + non metal. _element 1 _element 2 ide

Cation

Named first and name is unchanged

Anion

written after cation, modifed to end in ide

Ous

Ending used for the lower oxidation state

Ic

Ending used for higher oxidation rate

Law of conservation of matter

• In a chemical reaction, matter can be neither created nor destroyed.

• In a chemical reaction, the amount of reactants equal the amount of products.

Law of conservation of atoms

The number of atoms of each type of element must be the same on each side of the equation.

Chemical Equation

Describesa chemical change

Reactant

• The chemical(s) you start with before the reaction.

  • Written on left side of equation.

Product

• The new chemical(s) formed by the reaction.

  • Right side of equation.

Subscript

shows how many atoms of an element are in a molecule.

Coefficient

shows how many molecules there are of a particular chemical.