respiratory and cardiovascular

heart rate definition

the heart contracts and relaxes in a rhythm which produces a heart beat. it is the number of heartbeats in a minute (BPM)

cardiac output definition

the amount of blood ejected from the heart (left ventricle) in one minute. measurement = litres/min

stroke volume definition

the volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction. measurement = ml per beat

tidal volume definition

the volume of air inspired or expired per breath.

breathing rate definition

the number of breaths per minute. it is typically 12-20 breaths per minute on a healthy adult

minute ventilation definition

amount of air a person breaths in a minute. this is calculated by : tidal volume x breathing rate

label the heart

what is inspiration?

the drawing in of breath, inhaling.

what is expiration?

releasing breath, exhaling

what is the equation for tidal volume, minute ventilation and breathing rate?

minute ventilation = tidal volume x breathing rate

what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

glucose → lactic acid + energy

what is a sporting example for aerobic respiration?

marathon running

what is a sporting example for anaerobic respiration?

sprinting

label the respiratory system

what are the functions of red blood cells

• carry oxygen from the lungs and deliver it throughout the body

• carry carbon dioxide away from the body and back to the lungs

• allow efficient gaseous exchange at the muscles

how does a footballer use aerobic and anaerobic respiration in a match?

aerobic - lasting the whole duration of a match

anaerobic - sprinting to make an interception

how is inspiration and expiration used in exercise ?

Inspiration- The diaphragm contracts and moves downwards. The intercostal muscles contract and move the ribs upwards and outwards. This increases the size of the chest and decreases the air pressure inside it which sucks air into the lungs. The rate of inspiration increases during exercise because there is a higher demand for oxygen by the working muscles.

Expiration-The diaphragm relaxes and moves back to its domed shape. The intercostal muscles relax so the ribs move inwards and downwards under their own weight. This decreases the size of the chest and increases the air pressure in the chest so air is forced out of the lungs.The rate of expiration increases when exercising because more CO2 needs to leave the body in order for more oxygen to get to the working muscles.

what are the main differences between the veins and arteries ?

what are the main differences between the veins and arteries?