Earth Science Exam 2

Ch. 7-12 exam review

Who came up with Continental drift?

Alfred Wegener

When did pangea break apart?

200 million yrs ago

When did pangea cone together?

300 million yrs ago

When Pangea came together what formed?

The Appalachian Mountains

How often does magnetic reversal happen?

Every 200 thousand yers

Is Hawaii a plate boundary?

No

What is Hawaii?

A Hot Spot

What is another example of a hot spot?

Yellow Stone

What type of wave is (a)?

P wave

What can P waves travel through?

Solids, liquids, and gases

What type of wave is (b)

S wave

What can S waves move through

Just Soilds

Which wave is faster and reaches the station first?

P wave

What is the majority of the oceaic crust made of?

Basalt

What is the majority of the crust made of?

Granite

What is the majority of the upper mantle made of?

Peridotite

Where does most of our knowledge of the earth’s interior come from?

From P and S waves

How old is the oldest rock ?

around 4 billion yrs old

What is the measure of a material’s resistance to flow?

Viscosity

What does it mean if magma has a high viscosity?

It is slow flowing and will cover a small area

What does it mean if magma has a low viscosity?

It is fast flowing and will cover large areas

What are the 3 types of Volcanoes?

Shield, Cinder, and Composite Volcanoes

What are some feature of shield volcanos?

Broad, slightly domed,Primarily made of basaltic (fluid) lava,Generally large size

What is an example of a shield volcano?

Mauna Loa in Hawaii

What are some features of a cinder volcano?

Steep slope angle, Rather small size, made of cinder

What are some feature of a composite volcano?

Large size, Interbedded lavas and pyroclastics, Most violent type of activity

What type of fault is A?

Anticline

What type of fault is B?

Syncline

What type of fault is C?

Anticline

What type of fault is D?

Syncline

What type of symmetry is happening at E?

Symmetric fold

What type of symmetry is happening at F?

Asymmetric

What type of symmetry is happening at G?

Overturned

What are the types of dip slip faults?

Normal and Reverse

What is this a picture of

Intrusive igneous activity

What is feature A?

Dike

What is feature B

Sill

What is feature C?

Volcanic pipe

What is feature D

Laccolith

What is feature E

Batholith

What is feature F

Stock

What causes a normal fault?

tensional forces

What causes a reverse fault?

strong compressional stresses

What is the processes that collectively produce a mountain belt?

Orogenesis

What is Uniformitism?

“The present is the key to the past”

What is the Spontaneous breaking apart (decay) of atomic nuclei?

Radioactivty

What are 3 types of Radioactive decay?

Alpha emission, Beta emission, Electron capture

What is princeaple that states the oldest rocks are on the bottom?

Law of superposition

What is the principle that states sediment is deposited horizontally

Principle of original horizontality

What is the principle that states that younger feature cuts through an older feature?

Principle of cross-cutting relationships

Know the Unconformaties in this picture

Nonconformaty, Angular, and disconformity

What type of fossils are cavities and pores are filled with precipitated mineral matter

Petrified

What type of fossils are shells or other structures that are buried and then dissolved by underground water

Mold

What type of fossils is a hollow space of a mold that is filled with mineral matter

cast

What type of fossils does organic matter become a thin residue of carbon?

Carbonization

What type of fossils are replica of the fossil’s surface preserved in fine-grained sediment

Impression

What type of fossils are hardened resin of ancient trees surrounds an organism ?

Preservation in amber

What keeps soft parts perserved in a fossil?

**Amber**, Ice, and tar

(true or false) Pangea was the only supercontinent

False

What created earth atmosphere and oceans?

Outgassing of volcanoes

What is the oldest fossil?

stromatolites

What are the core of continent?

Cratons

What era does this represnt?

Paleozoic

What is the era of dinosaurs?

Paleozoic

What is the era of mammals?

Cenozoic

What are unconformities?

A skip in time

Name 3 descrutive things that come from earthquakes

ground shaking, surface faulting, ground failure

Draw a slip strike fault

Draw a normal dip slip fault

Draw a reverse dip slip fault

Draw a divergent boundary

label the feature,label crust, movement with arrows

give an example of a divergent boundary

This example picture is oceanic-oceanic

example of this divergent boundary is the __**mid atlanic ridge**__

Draw a convergent boundary

label the feature,label crust, movement with arrows

give an example of a convergent boundary

photo is oceanic-continental

example-Andes Mountains

make sure to draw and label partial melting and volcanoes

Draw a transform boundary

label the feature,label crust, movement with arrows

give an example of a transform boundary

example-san andres fault

Put these in order from oldest to youngest

F,E,D,C,B,A,H, G, I

Label the 7 major plate boundries

 African, Antarctic, Eurasian, Indo-Australian, North American, Pacific and South American.

What plate is A. ?

Eurasian

What plate is B?

African

What plate is C?

Australlian- Indian

What is plate D?

North America

What is plate E?

Pacific

What plate is F?

South American

What plate is G?

Antarctic