Criterion A - Health Related Activities

Axial skeleton

Axial skeleton

The parts near the skeletal axis, skull, vertebral column, the ribs and sternum.

Appendicular skeleton

Consists of upper and lower extremities, pelvic girdle (illium, ischium and pubis) and the pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle).

Long bone

Bones that are long and thin (like the bones in the fingers).

Short bone

Roughly cube shape bones (like the wrist)

Flat bone

Thin bones (like the skull)

Irregular bone

Bones that have a shape that is not ordinary (like the spine)

Sesamoid bone

Bones that are located inside tendons (like the knee)

Joint

The connection between bones in the body

Muscle characteristics

Contractility, Extensibility, Elasticity, Atrophy, and Hypertrophy,

Contractility

the ability of muscle to shorten

Extensibility

the ability of muscle to lengthen

Elasticity

the ability of muscle to return to normal size

Atrophy

the wasting away of muscle tissue

Hypertrophy

the increase in size of muscle tissue

Types of muscles

Smooth/Visceral Muscle, Cardiac Muscle, and Skeletal Muscle,

Smooth/Visceral Muscle

also known as involuntary muscles, meaning a person cannot physically will them to move.

Cardiac Muscle

also known as myocardium; cardiac muscle is an involuntary muscle

Skeletal Muscle

the voluntary muscles that allow you to control the movements of your body

Blood pH

The acidity or alkalinity of blood, the average

pH is 7.35-7.45

Electrical Impulse

Your neurons carry messages in the form of electrical signals called nerve/electrical impulses. To create a nerve impulse, your neurons have to be excited. Stimuli such as light, sound or pressure all excite your neurons, but in most cases, chemicals released by other neurons will trigger a nerve impulse

Homeostasis

Maintaining a constant internal environment

Dynamic exercise

Any exercise that involves joint movement

Static exercise

Also known as Isometrics; a form of training where the body performs little to no movement while contracting its muscle fibers

VO2max

The measurement of the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense, or maximal exercise.

Force

A push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object

Speed

The rate at which an object covers distance

Velocity

The rate at which an object changes its position

Displacement

Object’s change in position

Acceleration

The rate at which an object changes its velocity

Momentum

The quantity of motion that an object has

Impulse

The product of the force acting on a body and the time interval during which the force is exerted

Intrinsic

A property of a system or of a material itself or within

Extrinsic

A property that is not essential or inherent

Standard deviation

In statistics, the standard deviation (SD, also represented by the Greek letter sigma σ or the Latin letter s) is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values

Mean

The mean or average that is used to derive the central tendency of the data in question.

Spread of data

Describes how similar or varied the set of observed values are for a particular variable (data item)

Coefficient of variation

The coefficient of variation (CV), also known as relative standard deviation (RSD), is a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution

Body composition

An analysis of the percentage of stored fat in a body as compared to lean mass

Cardio-respiratory fitness

The ability of the body's circulatory and respiratory systems to supply fuel and oxygen during sustained physical activity

Flexibility

The range of motion of your joints OR the ability of your joints to move freely

Muscular endurance

The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an extended period of time

Strength

The maximal force you can apply against a load.