Pathophysiology HOSA

Abrasion

A skin wound caused by scraping

Acidosis

pathologic disease resulting from an abnormal level of hydrogen ions (decrease in pH)

Acyanotic

absence of a bluish appearance of the skin and mucous membranes

Adenocarcinoma

a cancerous gland like tumor such as wilms' tumor

Adenosarcoma

a cancerous gland like tumor such as wilms' tumor

Affect

Appearance of observable emotions

Agglutination

the clumping of antigens with antibodies or of the red blood cells from one type of blood with the red blood cells of another type

Aggregation

the coming together of entities such as platelets, blood cells, or diseases

Amblyopia

reduced vision in an eye without a detectable organic lesion

Amenorrhea

Absence of menstruation

Amniocentesis

taking a fluid sample between the 15th and the 16th week of pregnancy to diagnose congenital anomalies

Amyloid

a waxy, starchlike protein that tends to build up in tissues and organs in certain pathologic conditions

Analgesia

relief of pain

Anastomosis

the surgical or pathologic connection between two vessels or tubular structures

Anecephalic

No cranial vault and little cerebral tissue

Angioplasty

repair of a narrowed blood vessel through surgery or other angiographic procedures

Anhedonia

An inability to experience pleasure

Anosmia

impatient or loss of smell

Anthracosis

A lung disease caused by inhalation of coal dust. It is also called coal-miner's lung or black lung.

Anticholinesterase

any enzyme that counteracts in the presence of choline esters

Antiemetic

a medication that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting

Antipyretic

a drug or treatment that reduces or relieves fever

Antiseptic

a substance that inhibits the growth of microorganisms

Aphasia

a nerve defect that results in loss of speech

Aphonia

inability to produce normal speech sounds or loss of voice

Aphthous ulcers

recurrent painful canker sores in the mouth

Arteriosclerosis

Hardening of the arteries

Asbestosis

Respiratory disease brough or by inhaling abbestos fibers

Ascites

abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of serous fluid

Aspiration

drawing in or out by suction

Asystole

the absence of contractions of the heart; cardiac standstill

Ataxic

uncoordinated gait associated with pathology of the central nervous system

Atherosclerosis

A condition in which an artery wall hardens and thickens due to plaque buildup.

Aura

a sensation or phenomenon that signals the onset of an epileptic seizure or a migraine

Autism

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind.

Autoimmune

an immune response resulting in the presence of self-antigens or auto-antigens of certain body cells

Autoinoculation

refers to spreading a microorganism by contact with a lesion on one's own body

Autonomic

refers to the autonomic nervous system that has two divisions (i.e., sympathetic and para sympathetic)

Avulsion

separation of a body part by tearing

Avulsion

separation of a body part by tearing

Azoospermia

an absence of spermatozoa in the seaman

Azotemia

an excess of urea or other nitrogenous bodies in the blood

Bicornate uterus

a uterus having two horns or horn-shaped branches

Blepharitis

Inflammation of the eyelids

Bradycardia

Abnormally slow heartbeat

Bruit

an abnormal sound heard in auscultation

Bulla

A fluid-filled blister that is greater than 1 cm in diameter and contains non-purulent ("clear") exudate.

Bursae

A closed sac lined with a synovial membrane and filled with fluid, usually found in areas subject to friction, such as where a tendon passes over a bone.

Calcitonin

A hormone produced by the C-cells of the thyroid gland that decreases serum calcium levels. It targets the bones (stimulates osteoblasts), the kidneys (reduces calcium reabsorption), and the small intestine (decreases calcium absorption).

Candidiasis

(moniliasis) white, cheesy, curdlike patch on buccal mucosa due to superficial fungal infection

Cardiomegaly

enlargement of the heart

Cardiomyopathy

a defect in the heart muscle

Catatonic posturing

a state of not being able to move, with the assumption of a rigid, often bizarre posture

Catheterization

Introduction of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to inject or remove fluid.

Cautery

an instrument or chemical that destroys tissue as a therapeutic measure

Cellulitis

an acute, diffuse, spreading infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Cellulitis

an acute, diffuse, spreading, infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Cephalalgia

pain in the head, headache

Chancre

a type of skin lesion usually associated with primary syphilis

Cholinergic

an agent that produces the affect of acetylcholine at the connections of muscles and nerves

Chorea

the ceaseless occurrence of involuntary muscular movements of the limbs or the facial muscles

Circadian rhythm

the biologic clock in humans; the rhythmic repetition of certain phenomena, such as hunger, fatigue, and changes in blood pressure, that ted to fluctuate within a 24 hour period

Circumoral cyanosis

a bluish discoloration around the mouth

Cognitive

pertaining to the mental processes of thinking, knowing, remembering, and perceiving

Collagen

A protein fiber with a unique triple-helix that gives it great strength. Tissues with a lot of collagen fibers are typically very strong, e.g. bone, tendons, ligaments, etc.

Colporrhaphy

suture of the vagina

Comedo

a blackhead; as seen in achne

Concussion

A loss of function, either partial or complete, as resulting from a blow or fall (for instance) is termed a:

Contractures

immobility of muscles or a joint caused by shortening or wasting of tissue or muscle fibers

Contrecoup

Mechanism of injury in which the brain rebounds off the other side of the skull after an initial impact

Contusion

An injury to the tissues under the skin that causes blood vessels to rupture allowing blood to seep into the tissues Ex. Bruise

Corticotropin

hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Crainiotomy

incision into the skull, usually to relieve pressure, to remove a lesion, or to control bleeding

Creatinine

an important nitrogen compound that is a normal constituent of urine and blood; increased levels may indicate renal damage

Crepitation

dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

Cryotherapy

the therapeutic use of cold

Curettage

the removal of growths or other material from the wall of a cavity or other material from the wall of a cavity or other surface

Cystoscopy

An examination of the bladder with an instrument called a cystoscope.

Debride

remove foreign material or dead tissue in the wound

Deficit

a deficiency from what is normal

Delusion

a fixed false belief

Demyelination

loss of the myelin sheath of a nerve

Dermatome

a configured zone of skin innervated by a spinal cord segment

Dialysate

the fluid that passes through a semipermeable membrane during dialysis

Diplopia

double vision

Diplopia

double vision

Dyscrasia

a pathologic condition; and abnormal condition of the blood

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation

Dyspareunia

pain or discomfort in the pelvis or vagina during or after sexual intercourse

Dysphonia

hoarseness; difficulty in speaking

Dysplasia

marked by abnormal adult cells

Dysplasia

marked by abnormal adult cells

Dystrophy

condition produced by faulty nutrition

Dysuria

painful or difficult urination

Ecchymosis

discoloration of the skin associated with a contusion

Electrodesiccation

Tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark.

Electromyography

an electrodiagnosis assessment of the activity of skeletal muscles

Electromyography

an electrodiagnostic assessment of the activity of the skeletal muscles

Embolism

a mass (ex. Foreign body, blood clot, or a piece of tumor) that breaks off and causes occlusion of an artery

Endarterectomy

the surgical excision of the innermost lining of an artery to remove blockage