US History Timeline Flashcards

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40 Terms

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U.S. Constitution

The document that established the democratic framework for the U.S. government, signed on September 17, 1787.

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Bill of Rights

The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1791, guaranteeing civil liberties.

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Cotton Gin

An invention by Eli Whitney in 1793 that revolutionized the cotton industry by efficiently separating cotton fibers from seeds.

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George Washington

The first President of the United States, inaugurated on April 30, 1789.

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Alexander Hamilton

Appointed Secretary of the Treasury on September 11, 1789, he shaped the nation's economic policies.

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Assumption Bill

Passed in 1790, it gave the federal government control over state debts to strengthen national unity.

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Washington’s Farewell Address

Delivered on September 17, 1796, advising against political parties and foreign alliances.

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Election of 1796

The first contested presidential election resulting in John Adams becoming President and Thomas Jefferson Vice President.

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Revolution of 1800

The election where Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams, marking the first peaceful transition of power between political parties.

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Marbury v. Madison

The 1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review.

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Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France, doubling the size of the U.S.

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Lewis and Clark Expedition

An expedition from 1804-1806 to explore the Louisiana Territory and establish relations with Native Americans.

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Election of 1804

Thomas Jefferson was re-elected, confirming support for his policies including the Louisiana Purchase.

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Embargo Act

The 1807 act that halted foreign trade in response to British and French interference, damaging the U.S. economy.

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Slave Importation Ban

In 1808, Congress banned the importation of enslaved people as a move to curb the spread of slavery.

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Battle of Tippecanoe

A battle in 1811 between American forces and Native American tribes, led by Tecumseh, increasing tension leading to the War of 1812.

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War of 1812

A conflict with Britain over trade interference, ending with the Treaty of Ghent in 1815.

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White House Burned

British forces burned Washington, D.C., on August 24, 1814, during the War of 1812.

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Treaty of Ghent

The treaty that ended the War of 1812, restoring pre-war boundaries and affirming American sovereignty.

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Battle of New Orleans

Andrew Jackson's significant victory in 1815 after the War of 1812, which boosted American nationalism.

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Erie Canal

Constructed between 1817-1825, it linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, facilitating trade and expansion.

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Frederick Douglass

Born in February 1818, he became a leading abolitionist advocating for African American rights.

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McCulloch v. Maryland

The 1819 Supreme Court ruling strengthening federal authority by declaring states cannot tax federal institutions.

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Capital Crime for Slave Importation

In 1820, Congress made the illegal importation of enslaved people a capital crime.

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Missouri Compromise

The 1820 compromise allowing Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state to maintain balance.

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Monroe Doctrine

Announced in 1823, it declared the Western Hemisphere off-limits to European colonization.

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Tariff of Abominations

An 1828 protective tariff raising taxes on imports, angering Southern states.

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Andrew Jackson

Elected as the 7th President of the U.S. in 1828, known for populism and political change.

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B&O Railroad

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad began construction in February 1830, marking a significant advancement in transportation.

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Indian Removal Bill

Passed in May 1830, it forced Native American tribes to relocate west of the Mississippi River.

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Nat Turner’s Rebellion

A slave rebellion led by Nat Turner in 1831 that increased Southern fears of uprisings.

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Texas Independence

Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836, leading to the Texas Revolution.

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Mexican-American War

A conflict from 1846-1848 resulting in the U.S. gaining territories through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

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Gold Rush

The 1849 discovery of gold in California that led to a mass migration and rapid population increase.

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Compromise of 1850

An attempt to resolve slavery disputes in the territories, including the Fugitive Slave Act.

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Republican Party

Formed in March 1854 in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the spread of slavery.

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

The 1854 act opening new territories to slavery, leading to violent conflict termed 'Bleeding Kansas'.

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Dred Scott Decision

The 1857 Supreme Court ruling stating that enslaved people are property, escalating tensions between North and South.

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John Brown’s Raid

In 1859, abolitionist John Brown led a raid on Harpers’ Ferry hoping to incite a slave rebellion.

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Election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln's election resulted in a split in the Democratic Party and the beginning of Southern secession.