BIS119 Bonding and Hybridisation

Trigonal Planar

Arrangement of sp2 hybridised atoms at 120°.

sp Hybridisation

Involves one s and one p orbital.

s Character

Proportion of s orbital in hybridisation affects bond properties.

Bond Strength

Stronger with greater electron density overlap.

Double Bond

Bond consisting of one sigma and one pi bond.

Triple Bond

Bond consisting of one sigma and two pi bonds.

Bond Length

Distance between two bonded nuclei, measured in Å.

Polar Covalent Bond

Unequal sharing of electrons due to electronegativity.

Non-Polar Covalent Bond

Equal sharing of electrons between identical atoms.

Electronic Configuration

Arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals.

Hybridisation

Mixing atomic orbitals to form new orbitals.

Linear Structure

Molecular shape with 180° bond angles.

Planar Structure

Molecular shape with 120° bond angles.

Tetrahedral Structure

Molecular shape with 109.5° bond angles.

sp3 Hybridisation

Involves one s and three p orbitals.

Sigma Bond

Single bond formed by orbital overlap.

Pi Bond

Bond formed by lateral overlap of p orbitals.

sp2 Hybridisation

Involves one s and two p orbitals.