biomolecules

which acid is used for chemical analysis of living tissue

trichloroacetic acid

the acid soluble part is

micromolecules

acid insoluble part is

macromolecules

which element is very little in earth’s crust but present in human body

nitrogen

which element is negligible in body but present in large amount in earth’s crust

silicon

most abundant element in earth’s crust

oxygen

amino acids are also known as

substituted methane

most abundant element is present in human body

oxygen

how many amino acids are present in proteins

20

if R in the proteinous group is hydrogen, then the amino acid is

glycine

if R in the proteinous group is methyl, then the amino acid is

alanine

if R in the proteinous group is hydroxyl methyl, then the amino acid is

serine

glutamic acid

acidic amino acid

lysine

basic amino acid

valine

neutral amino acid

tryosine

aromatic amino acid

tryptophan

aromatic amino acid

phenylalanine

aromatic amino acid

what can cause the change in structure of amino acid

change in pH

which compound is generally insoluble in water

lipid

which compound can have 1 to 19 carbon

lipid

palmitic acid

16 carbons including CO

arachidonic acid

20 carbons including CO

fatty acids can be _____ and _____

saturated and unsaturated

simple lipid is called

glycerol

trihydroxy propane aka

glycerol

many lipids have _____ and _____

glycerol and fatty acid

fatty acids are found esterified with_______

glycerol

which component in lipid is present in many numbers

fatty acid

which component in lipid is present is one

glycerol

monoglyceride has ____ fatty acid

1

monoglyceride has ____ glycerol

1

diglyceride has _____ fatty acid

2

diglyceride has ____ glycerol

1

triglyceride has ____ fatty acid

3

triglyceride has ____ glycerol

1

oils having low melting point

gingelly oil

lecithin is an example of

phospholipid

phospholipid is present in

cell membrane

which cell has lipid in a more complex form

neural tissue

adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, thymine

nucleoside

adenosine, guanosine, thymidine, uridine, cytidine

nucleotide

adenlyic acid, thymidylic acid, guanylic acid, uridylic acid, cytidylic acid

nucleic acid

monomeric unit of cellulose

β glucose

monomeric unit of glyogen

α glucose

monomeric unit of starch

α glucose

C₁ anomer

α glucose and β glucose

C₄ epimer

glucose and galactose

carbohydrates, amino acid, lipids, nucleic acids

examples of 1^o metabolites

alkaloids, flavinoids, rubber, essential oil, antibiotics, coloured pigments, scents, gums, spices

examples of 2^o metabolites

carotenoids anthocyanins

pigments

morphine, codeine

alkaloids

monoterpenes, diterpenes

terpenoids

lemon grass oil

essential oil

abrin and ricin

toxins

concanavalin A

lecithin

vinblastin, curcumin

drugs

rubber, gums, cellulose

polymeric substance

molecular weights of 18 to 800 daltons constitute the

acid soluble part

molecular weights of more than 800 daltons constitute the

acid insoluble part

which molecules is more than 800 dalton still considered as micromolecule

lipids

examples of macromolecules

proteins, polysaccharide, nucleic acid

example of micromolecules

lipids

lipids weigh more than 800 dalton but still micromolecule why?

Formation of vesicles

acid soluble pool represent which part of cell

cytoplasmic content

acid insoluble pool represent which part of cell

macromolecules of cytoplasm and organelle

what is the most abundant material of cell

water

what is the 2nd most abundant material of cell

proteins

what is the 3rd most abundant material of cell

nucleic acid

protein is a _____

heteropolymer

dietary proteins are source of

essential amino acid

intercellular ground substance

collagen

enzyme

trypsin

hormone

insulin

fights infectious agents

antibody

sensory reception

receptor

enable glucose transport into cells

GLUT 4

most abundant protein in animal world

collagen

most abundant protein in the whole of the biosphere

RuBisCO

polymer of fructose

inulin

which polysaccharide forms helical secondary structure

starch

which end of the polysaccharide chain is known as reducing end

right

which end of the polysaccharide chain is known as non reducing end

left

what does the left side of amino acid refers

N side

what does the right side of amino acid refers

C side

in protein only ___ helix are observed

right handed helix

which structure is absolutely necessary for biological activity of proteins

3^o

low temp makes the enzyme

inactive

high temp makes the enzyme

denatured

enzyme which catalyse oxidoreduction

oxidoreductase or dehydrogenase

enzyme catalysing a transfer of a group, other than hydrogen between a pair of substrate

transferase

enzyme catalysing hydrolysis of ester, ether, peptide, glycosidic, C-C, C-halide or P-N bond

hydrolases

enzyme that catalyse the removal of groups from substrate by mechanism other than hydrolysis leaving double bonds

lyases

all enzymes catalysing inter-conversion of optical, geometrical, or positional isomers

isomerase

enzymes catalysing the linking together of 2 compounds like enzyme joining C-O, C-S, C-N, P-O etc bonds

ligases

oxidoreductase

class 1

transferase

class 2

hydrolases

class 3

lyases

class 4

isomerase

class 5