Open and Closed Systems in Chemical Reactions

Open System

Exchanges matter and energy with surroundings.

Closed System

Exchanges only energy with surroundings.

Irreversible Reaction

Products cannot revert to reactants.

Reversible Reaction

Products can revert to reactants.

Activation Energy

Energy needed for a successful reaction.

Endothermic Reaction

Absorbs energy from surroundings.

Exothermic Reaction

Releases energy to surroundings.

Combustion Reaction

Burning of substances producing heat and light.

Baking a Cake

Involves complex irreversible chemical reactions.

Evaporation

Liquid turning into vapor, a reversible process.

Condensation

Vapor turning into liquid, a reversible process.

Saturated Sugar Solution

Sugar dissolved in water at maximum concentration.

Hydrated Cobalt(II) Chloride

Can react with dehydrated form reversibly.

Iron(III) Nitrate

Reacts with potassium thiocyanate in reversible manner.

Energy Profile Diagram

Visual representation of energy changes in reactions.

Chemical Structures

Arrangement of atoms in molecules during reactions.

Reactants

Substances consumed in a chemical reaction.

Products

Substances formed from reactants in a reaction.

Collisions

Interactions between particles leading to reactions.

Burning of Methane

Irreversible reaction producing CO2 and H2O.

Burning of Magnesium

Irreversible reaction forming magnesium oxide.

Burning of Steel Wool

Irreversible reaction producing iron(III) oxide.