Abnormal Psychology - Final Exam Study Guide

Based off quizzes 1-5 as well as anything else pertinent I felt the need to add.

True

True or False: Cultural factors can play an influence on whether or not a person meets the criteria for a psychological disorder. 

C. 4

How many stages are there in the sleep cycle?

A. 6

B. 5

C. 4

D. 3

C. Binge Eating Disorder

What is the most common eating disorder? 

 

A. Bulimia Nervosa

B. Anorexia Nervosa

C. Binge Eating Disorder

D. They are all equally common

B. Medication

Medication may be part of treatment overall, but is not a focus of behavioral medicine

Which of the following is NOT a focus of Behavioral medicine? 

 

A. Diagnosis

B. Medication

C. Treatment 

D. Prevention 

E. Rehabilitation

B. Understanding the relationship between psychological factors and physical health.

What is the primary focus of health psychology?

 

A. Analyzing the impact of nutrition on overall well-being

B. Understanding the relationship between psychological factors and physical health

C. Investigating the causes of infectious diseases

D. The study of medical treatments and medications

1. Excitement

2. Plateau

3. Orgasm

4. Resolution

What is the correct sequence of phases in the human sexual response cycle, as described by Masters and Johnson?

(Order 1 through 4)
Plateau, Resolution, Orgasm, Excitement

B. Persistent difficulties experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of the sexual response cycle

What is the best definition of sexual dysfunction?

 

A. A medical condition that affects sexual desire but NOT sexual performance

B. Persistent difficulties experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of the sexual response cycle

C. A psychological disorder that affects emotional well-being but not sexual function

D. A common variation in gender identity experienced by many people

D. The presence of distress or impairment caused by the sexual interest.

What distinguishes a paraphilic disorder from a sexual interest?

 

A. The number of sexual interests an individual has

B. The age at which the sexual interest develops

C. Whether the sexual interest is considered "normal" by societal standards

D. The presence of distress or impairment caused by the sexual interest.

True

True or False: Individuals can be diagnosed with more than one sexual dysfunction at a time

 

True

False

False

True or False: Substance use disorders develop ONLY from the choice of the individual to start using drugs.

 

True

False

D. Increased dopamine release is a common feature in the brain's reward system during addictive behaviors

According to the dopamine hypothesis, what role does dopamine play in addiction?

 

A. Dopamine inhibits addictive behaviors

B. Dopamine only affects addiction in specific brain regions

C. Dopamine has no connection to the development of addiction

D. Increased dopamine release is a common feature in the brain's reward system during addictive behaviors

D. Social connection decreased drug use

E. Isolation and no other stimulation cause increased drug use

SELECT ALL that apply: We watched a video in class called "the rat park." What key lesson(s) did scientists learn about substance use from the rat park? 

 

A. Rats are very different from humans and lesson did not apply when used with humans

B. Drugs were commonly used even when there was other rats or entertainment available

C. Once addicted, rats with addiction spent time with other rats who were addicted

D. Social connection decreased drug use

E. Isolation and no other stimulation cause increased drug use

D. The process where a neutral stimulus is paired with a response until it elicits that response.

How would you best define classical conditioning?

 

A. The process of teaching new behaviors through rewards and punishments.

B. A type of learning where an individual imitates the actions of others.

C. The gradual improvement of skills through practice and repetition.

D. The process where a neutral stimulus is paired with a response until it elicits that response.

D. Biological predisposition

Which of the follow is NOT one of the 3 parts of a psychological disorder? 

A. Psychological dysfunction 

B. Distress or impairment

C. Atypical or not culturally expected

D. Biological predisposition

Biological

Physical, medical, and physical environment. Part of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model.

Psychological

Emotions, behavior, psychological disorders, learning disabilities. Part of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model.

Spiritual

Philosophy and the meaning of life, purpose and belonging. Part of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model.

Social

Family, friends, culture. Part of the biopsychosocial-spiritual model.

A. Operant Conditioning

What term did Skinner coin to describe the type of learning in which behavior changes as a function of what follows the behavior?

A. Operant Conditioning

B. Classical Conditioning

C. Reinforcement

D. Shaping

Central Nervous System

Sends messages to and from the brain. Primary function of what neurological system?

Peripheral Nervous System

Coordinates brain stem for body’s proper functioning. Primary function of what neurological system?

Autonomic Nervous System

Regulates the cardiovascular system and endocrine system. Primary function of what neurological system?

Sympathetic Nervous System

Activates during stress or danger (fight or flight system). Primary function of what neurological system?

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Balances sympathetic and normalizes arousal. Primary function of what neurological system?

Somatic Nervous System

Controls muscles and voluntary movement. Primary function of what neurological system?

D. When an individual believes that a solution is beyond reach, whether or not it is actually attainable

Learned helplessness is best described as: 

 

A. A mindset characterized by the unwavering belief in one's ability to overcome any obstacle.

B. The tendency to seek external support when facing challenges.

C. A strong motivation to persevere in the face of adversity.

D. When an individual believes that a solution is beyond reach, whether or not it is actually attainable

B. Supernatural forces and divine intervention, believing mental illness was a result of curses, possession, or displeasure of gods.

Historically, what did most societies attribute the cause of mental health issues to?

 

A. Philosophical contemplation and deep introspection, considering mental health issues as the consequence of excessive intellectual pursuits.

B. Supernatural forces and divine intervention, believing mental illness was a result of curses, possession, or displeasure of gods.

C. Socioeconomic disparities and political unrest, viewing mental illness as a product of societal inequalities and class struggles.

D. Inadequate education and lack of cognitive development, assuming mental health problems were due to insufficient access to knowledge and learning resources.

Reliability

Measurement consistency; ensures agreement among different raters on conclusions.

Validity

Measures what it is designed to; measuring what we want to measure.

Standardization

Established norms for consistent use; ensures patients get what they need for the best evaluation.

B. Freud

Who is considered the founding father of modern psychology? Particularly because of his development of the psychoanalytic model. 

A. Skinner

B. Freud

C. Breuer

D. Pavlov

Hypothesis

What you expect to find.

Variable

Category or object you are trying to measure

Independent Variable

variable that you measure that will be used to predict the outcome

Dependent Variable

the outcome or response that is measured or observed in an experiment

B. Independent Variable: Study Duration; Dependent Variable: Exam Performance

In an experiment to investigate the impact of different study durations on exam performance, which of the following correctly identifies the independent and dependent variables?

A. Independent Variable: Exam Performance; Dependent Variable: Study Duration

B. Independent Variable: Study Duration; Dependent Variable: Exam Performance

C. Independent Variable: Student's Age; Dependent Variable: Study Duration

D. Independent Variable: Time of Day; Dependent Variable: Exam Performance

D. 1980

This year was a landmark year in the classification of mental health disorders and how we diagnose today

 

A. 1960

B. 1994

C. 2013

D. 1980

C. DSM-5-TR

We are currently on what version of the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)?

 

A. DSM-IV-TR

B. DSM-5

C. DSM-5-TR

D. DSM-IV

B.

What does the term "comorbidity" mean? 

 

A. The treatment of a single medical condition with multiple medications.

B. The co-occurrence of two or more medical conditions or disorders in a single individual.

C. The occurrence of a medical condition in isolation, without any other health concerns.

D. The genetic predisposition to develop multiple medical conditions simultaneously.

C. A mental disorder characterized by excessive and uncontrollable fear and anxiety about various aspects of life, often without a specific cause.

Which of the following best describes Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

 

A. A mental disorder characterized by episodes of extreme fear and panic attacks.

B. A mental disorder where individuals have intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations.

C. A mental disorder characterized by excessive and uncontrollable fear and anxiety about various aspects of life, often without a specific cause.

D. A mental disorder primarily marked by mood swings and periods of deep sadness.

False

Determine if the following statement is true or false: Men are twice as likely to be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder as compared to women

C. Medication and therapy

In general, what is the best treatment for most mental health disorders? 

 

A. Medication only

B. Therapy Only

C. Medication and therapy

D. Other treatments

B. Obsessions are intrusive and unwanted thoughts or urges, while compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety.

Which of the following best defines the terms "obsessions" and "compulsions" in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

 

A. Obsessions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety, while compulsions are intrusive and unwanted thoughts or urges.

B. Obsessions are intrusive and unwanted thoughts or urges, while compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety.

C. Obsessions and compulsions are terms used interchangeably in OCD to describe the same phenomenon.

D. Obsessions and compulsions are both positive and desired behaviors in individuals with OCD.

C. Age of onset

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria that appears in the criteria for almost all disorders in the DSM? 

 

A. Clinically significant distress or impairment

B. Not caused by the use of substances/medications or another medical condition

C. Age of onset

D. Not better explained by another mental disorder

True

Determine if the following statement is true or false: The biggest contribution of the DSM is that it created a standardized approach to diagnosis

False

Determine if the following statement is true or false: A clinical interview only gathers information and history about the psychological problem

False

Determine if the following statement is true or false: Autism is relatively easy to diagnose so children typically are diagnosed at an early age. 

Delay or Disturbance

Neurodevelopmental disorders are defined as, "A group of heterogeneous conditions characterized by a ______ or ______ in the acquisition of skills in a variety of developmental domains, including motor, social, language, and cognition." 

D. Persistent ways of thinking and feeling about oneself and others

Which of the following best defines personality disorders?

 

A. Temporary disruptions in behavior and mood due to external stressors

B. Normal variations in personality traits that arise during specific life stages

C.Sudden and unpredictable shifts in mood and identity without apparent cause

D. Persistent ways of thinking and feeling about oneself and others

C. To facilitate diagnosis and treatment planning by grouping disorders with similar features and characteristics.

Why are personality disorders grouped into clusters?

 

A. To categorize them based on severity, with Cluster A representing mild cases and Cluster C representing severe cases

B. To create a hierarchical ranking system, indicating which disorders are more prevalent in the population

C. To facilitate diagnosis and treatment planning by grouping disorders with similar features and characteristics.

D. To emphasize the role of genetic factors in the development of personality disorders within each cluster

Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized thinking, Abnormal Motor Behavior, Negative Symptoms

Select all that apply: Which of the following are part of the 5 domains related to Schizophrenia Spectrum and other psychotic disorders? 

• Depression

• Abnormal Motor Behavior

• Delusions

• Disorganized thinking

• Negative Symptoms

• Hallucinations

• Anxiety

• Disability