introduction to corrections: chapter eight (juvenile corrections)

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act

prohibited the placement of juveniles in adult facilities, disallowed contact between juvenile and adult inmates, mandated states to address non-white youth over-incarceration, deinstitutionalized of status offenders

status offense

a noncriminal act that is considered a law violation only because of a youth’s status as a minor

school-to-prison pipeline

refers to the policies and practices that push our nation’s schoolchildren, especially our most at risk children, out of classrooms and into the juvenile and criminal justice systems

interventions

high premium placed on rehabilitation and prevention

informal (procedures)

discretional decision-making and wide-range latitude

individualized

develop strategies to keep a specific juvenile from engaging in further criminal activity

probation intake

initial procedure wherein an intake probation officer interviews a juvenile about the crime they allegedly committed and other topics (family life and school information); may also interview the arresting officer, the victim, and the parent(s) or caregiver(s) of the juvenile

neglected child

one who is not receiving proper care because of some action or inaction by his/her parents

dependent child

one who has no parent/guardian or whose parents are unable to render proper care

parens patriae

the court stands in and acts as the “parents” of a child

parents in need of supervision (PINS)

one under eighteen years old who does not attend school, or behaves in a manner considered dangerous; are often charged with status offenses

juvenile delinquent

a person at least seven years old and under sixteen who has been adjudicated for committing a crime and is ultimately found to be in need of supervision, confinement, and/or treatment despite not being criminally responsible for his/her actions due to infancy; cases are sealed records

juvenile offender

youths thirteen (second degree murder only), fourteen, or fifteen who commit serious crimes and are determined to be criminally responsible due to the serious crime nature

adolescent offender

a sixteen or seventeen year old who commits a felony

youthful offender status

a discretionary adjudication granted by a judge that sets aside a conviction for a crime, committed when a youth was over fourteen and under nineteen years old, in the interest of justice to relieve the youth from the onus of having a criminal record; may be granted for one felony and one misdemeanor conviction; adjudications become sealed records