EMT Chapter 29 QUIZ - Bleeding and Shock

Shock is the circulatory system's failure to provide sufficient blood and oxygen to all the body's tissues. Which of the following is not a major type of shock?

Hypervolemic

Which of the following vessels has thick muscular walls that allow constriction and dilation?

Arteries

Which of the following types of vessels have valves to maintain one-way blood flow?

Veins

Which of the following best describes the function of blood?

It transports gases and nutrients, aids in excretion, and provides protection and regulation.

Which of the following is not part of the circulatory system?

Brain

In which of the following vessels does the vital exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes take place?

Capillaries

Which of the following terms refers to the delivery of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of wastes at the body's cellular level?

Perfusion

Which of the following blood vessels cannot stop bleeding by constricting?

Capillaries

Which of the following vessels contain blood under the highest amount of pressure?

Arteries

Your patient is a 6-year-old child who has fallen down while running on a sidewalk. She has abrasions on both knees and the palms of both hands, which are oozing blood. This is an example of bleeding from which of the following types of vessels?

Capillaries

Which of the following is a characteristic of arterial bleeding?

Spurting under pressure

External bleeding may be classified according to types. Which of the following is one of those types?

Capillary bleeding

Which of the following is the most important reason for controlling external bleeding?

To prevent and manage hypoperfusion

Your patient is a 33-year-old man who has a gunshot wound to his right leg and has active, steady, dark red bleeding. He is awake, pale, and diaphoretic. He has a strong radial pulse of 112 per minute, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 122/82 mmHg. He has no other injuries or complaints. Which of the following is the best sequence of steps in the management of this patient?

Direct pressure, high-concentration oxygen, and splinting the leg

Which of the following is not recommended when controlling epistaxis?

Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose

Which of the following is the least effective method of controlling bleeding?

Elevation

Cold is sometimes used to help control bleeding. When using cold, the following guidelines and statements are true except:

it should be applied directly to the skin and will not be effective if anything is between the cold agent and the wound.

Which of the following is recommended in situations in which a tourniquet must be used?

Use a material that is wide and thick.

Which of the following statements about the application of a tourniquet is incorrect?

If possible, the tourniquet should be placed on a joint.

Which of the following is the most effective way of controlling external bleeding in superficial wounds?

Using direct pressure with a dressing

Your patient is a 28-year-old male who cut his thigh with a chain saw. It appears that he has lost about 600 cc of blood. Which of the following is not part of the proper management of this patient?

Replacing fluid level by giving the patient adequate amounts of water

Your patient is a 12-year-old boy who ran his arm through a glass window and has an 8-inch laceration on his anterior forearm. You have applied a pressure dressing and bandage, but these have become saturated due to continued bleeding. Which of the following should you do now?

Elevate the arm and prepare to apply a tourniquet or consider administering a hemostatic agent.

If you do not have a commercial tourniquet available, what common supply found on the ambulance can be used as a substitute?

Triangle bandage

The most common form of hemostatic agent is:

gauze or dressings.

Which of the following should increase the EMT's suspicion of internal bleeding?

All of the above

As an EMT, your best clue indicating the possibility of internal bleeding may be the presence of:

the mechanism of injury.

Blunt trauma is the leading cause of internal injuries and bleeding. Which of the following are mechanisms of blunt trauma that may cause internal bleeding?

1. Falls 2. Motor vehicle or motorcycle crashes 3. Auto-pedestrian collisions 4. Blast injuries

1, 2, 3, 4

Which of the following is another name for the condition of shock?

Hypoperfusion

Which of the following is an important early indicator of hypoperfusion?

Altered mental status

Which of the following is responsible for most of the early signs and symptoms of shock?

The body's attempts at compensation for blood loss

Which of the following is not a consequence of hypoperfusion?

Acid buildup decreases and body pH increases.

Which of the following is part of the body's compensatory response to blood loss?

Blood vessels constrict and the heart rate increases.

Which of the following signifies a failure in the patient's compensatory response to blood loss?

Hypotension

Although many of the signs and symptoms of shock are the same no matter what the cause, the symptoms follow a logical progression as shock develops and worsens. Arrange the following signs and symptoms in the order that they will most likely appear.

1. Altered mental status 2. Dropping blood pressure 3. Nausea and vomiting

4. Pale, cool, and clammy skin 5. Increased pulse 6. Increased respirations

1, 4, 3, 5, 6, 2

Which of the following is the major cause of shock that the EMT will encounter?

Hemorrhage

Which of the following circumstances may result in hypoperfusion?

All of the above

Which of the following statements about neurogenic shock is true?

Neurogenic shock is sometimes caused by spinal injuries.

Which of the following is a hallmark of irreversible shock?

Cell damage and death in the vital organs

Which of the following is not a purpose for making airway management the highest priority in shock patients with nonmassive bleeding?

It promotes bronchoconstriction of the smaller airways.

When deciding where to transport a patient who has internal bleeding or who has the potential for internal bleeding, which of the following is the most important service to be provided by the receiving hospital?

Immediate surgical capabilities

Which of the following is not indicated in the management of a patient in shock?

Engaging in high-speed ambulance transportation

Which of the following best explains the reason for minimizing scene time for the trauma patient with significant hemorrhage or the potential for significant hemorrhage?

It is essential to get the shock patient to more definitive care.

Which of the following statements about treating a patient who appears to be in shock is false?

Spend time on scene to correct the causes of the shock so it does not worsen.