Cell Diversity

tissue

cells that work together to perform a specific, common function

Plant Tissues

dermal, ground, and vascular (phloem and xylem)

Dermal Tissue structure

tightly packed single layer of cells found on the outside of plants

dermal tissue function

protects the plants, prevents too much water being lost

dermal tissue adaptation

waxy cuticle which prevents water loss

Vascular tissue structure

made up of xylem (contain lignin) and phloem (no lignin)

vascular tissue function

transports water and minerals (xylem) and food (phloem) around the plant

vascular tissue adaptation

xylem has end walls which allow water to pass freely

animal tissues

nervous tissue, muscular tissue

nervous tissue structure

made up of neurons, some are insulated by myelin sheath for rapid signaling

nervous tissue function

carries out electrical impulses to and from the central nervous system

nervous system adaptation

myelin sheath to insulate impulse

organ meaning

group of tissues that work together to perform a function

plant organs

leaf, flower, stem, root

animal organs

lungs, stomach, heart, liver, kidney

organ system

a group of organs that work together to perform functions

animal organ systems

respiratory system, urinary system, digestive system

tissue culturing

cells grown outside of an organism on or in sterile medium

used of tissue culture

• skingrafts, ex. burn patients, layers of human cells can be grown in a labratory and transplanted onto a living human

• genetic engineering of plants, desirable traits can be cultivated ex. seedless grapes

conditions necessary for tissue culturing

oxygen, nutrients, correct ph, optimum temp., sterile conditions

stages of tissue culturing

1. skin cells obtained

2. enzymes added

3. individual cells isolated

4. controlled culture medium

5. sheets of cells grown

animal tissue culturing

stem cells are unspecialized cells that act as the body’s natural reservoir - replenihsing stocks of specialized cells that have been used up or damaged