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Rhetoric
The faculty of discerning in any given case the available means of persuasion.
Trivium
The foundational components of rhetoric, grammar, and logic.
Quadrivium
The mathematical components of education including astronomy, mathematics, geometry, and music.
Rhetorical Situation
The context in which someone is trying to persuade you.
Exigence
The importance and timeliness of an argument.
Intrinsic Exigence
The personal significance of an argument to the rhetor.
Extrinsic Exigence
The external significance of an argument known to the audience.
Kairos
The concept of the opportune moment for an argument.
Rhetorical Appeals
Modes of persuasion that determine the best angle to use for persuading an audience.
Strategies
Concrete choices and devices used by the rhetor after determining the angle of persuasion.
Canons of Rhetoric
The essential elements that make up any argument: Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, and Delivery.
Invention
The process of generating an argument by finding existing ideas.
Arrangement
The order in which material is presented in an argument.
Style
The expression of language complexity and rhetorical devices used in an argument.
Memory
Techniques used to remember a speech, such as the mind palace approach.
Delivery
Oral delivery techniques including volume, speed, tone, and visual presentation.
Plato's View on Rhetoric
Rhetoric creates beliefs about right and wrong without teaching true morality.
Aristotle's Definition of Rhetoric
The faculty of discerning the available means of persuasion.
Cicero’s Five Canons of Rhetoric
Includes Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, and Delivery as essential components.
Ethos
An appeal to character that establishes credibility with the audience.
Logos
An appeal to logic and reason in arguments.
Pathos
An appeal to emotion in persuasive arguments.
Decorum
Argument by character that aligns with audience’s expectations.
Fallacy
An error in reasoning that undermines the logic of an argument.
Forensic Rhetoric
Judicial rhetoric focused on issues of blame and justice, typically in the past tense.
Epideictic Rhetoric
Ceremonial rhetoric that deals with values; focused on the present tense.
Deliberative Rhetoric
Legislative rhetoric that discusses policy and choice, aimed at the future.
Syllogism
A logical reasoning statement consisting of a major premise, minor premise, and conclusion.
Inductive Reasoning
Arguing from specific instances to a general conclusion.
Enthymeme
A two-part argument where one or more premises are unstated.
Modes of Discourse
Genres of writing and speech that can be used for persuasion.
Narration
Storytelling used as a rhetorical strategy.
Comparison/Contrast
A rhetorical strategy that highlights similarities and differences between subjects.
Causal Relationship
Exploring cause-and-effect dynamics within an argument.
Metaphor
A rhetorical device that makes comparisons between unrelated subjects.
Rhetorical Triangle
The interaction between the speaker, audience, and message in persuasion.
Purposes of Rhetoric
To stimulate emotions, change opinions, and prompt action.
Virtue in Rhetoric
When the audience believes you share their values
Quintilian's Belief
Only a good man can be an orator, emphasizing the importance of credibility.
Heinrich's Argument Focus
Arguments should center around choices rather than swerving into values.
Plato's Skepticism
Criticism of rhetoric as a potential sacrifice of truth.
Artifice in Rhetoric
Superficial appearances or manipulations in persuasive communication.
Wayne Booth's Teaching
It is challenging but possible to teach the art of persuasion effectively.
Audience's Values
Supporting audience values earns temporary trust and rhetorical virtue.
Expository Writing
A mode of discourse that explains and informs.
Disinterest in Rhetoric
when you seem to be impartial, caring onlu about the audience’s interests rather than your own.
Craft/Practical Wisdom in Rhetoric
When you appear to know the right thing to do on every occasion