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stellar nebula
A cloud of gas and dust where stars are born
main sequence star
A normal star that is undergoing nuclear fusion. Our sun is an example of this.
massive star
A star that is much larger than a Sun-like Star; will blow up in a supernova and end as a neutron star or black hole
average star
produces own heat/light, average mass, includes main sequence stars
hertzsprung diagram
organizes the family of stars into a diagram; across bottom is star's temperature and side is star's absolute magnitude; a star's temperature and color depend on how big the star is
super red giant
A massive star that has stopped hydrogen fusion
fusion
Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium.
red giants
a large old reddish star that has greatly expanded and cooled as its fuel (hydrogen) has begun to run out
supernova
A gigantic explosion in which a massive star caves in and throws its outer layers into space
planetary nebula
A huge cloud of gas that is created when a red giants loses all its fuel
neutron star
the small, dense remains of a high-mass star after a supernova
black hole
An object in space whose gravity is so strong not even light can escape.
white dwarf
A small, hot, dim star that is the leftover center of an old star
black dwarf
A white dwarf that has burnt out completely.
big bang theory
The theory that the universe originated in a huge explosion that released all matter and energy.
singularity
A point in which matter is infinitely dense, as in the center of a black hole or the universe at the very beginning.
steady state theory
a theory which states that there was no beginning to the universe and that the universe does not change in appearance.
1/10^43 seconds after the big bang
the universe is beginning to expand and is extremely hot
1/10^34 seconds after the big bang
universe is the size of a pea, lots of energy and light. as well as cooling beginning to occur
1/10^4 seconds after the big bang
protons and neutrons begin to form
1/100 seconds after the big bang
universe now the size of the solar system
1 second after the big bang
1 trillion, trillion kilometers across in length, at 10 billion degrees celsius
5 minutes after the big bang
the nuclei of the first three elements form: hydrogen, helium, and small amounts of lithium
300,000 years after the big bang
atoms finally form as electrons slow down. universe has cooled tremendously
200 million years after the big bang
first stars and planets form
doppler effect
An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving
red shift
the change in the wavelength of light due to an object moving away from the observer (red moving away and blue moving towards)
cosmic microwave background radiation (cmb)
A faint glow of light that fills the universe, falling on earth from every direction with nearly uniform intensity. leftovers from the big bang. cannot be seen.
hydrogen and helium
two most abundant elements in the universe
photon
particle of light
Note 
Flashcard (85)