Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 24 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance

Which of the following reactions would liberate the most energy?

complete oxidation of a molecule of sucrose to CO2 and water

The formation of glucose from glycogen is

glycogenolysis

The net gain of ATP from complete metabolism of glucose is closest to

30

Which of the following best defines cellular respiration?

oxidation of substances by which energy is released in usable form to the cells.

What is formed during aerobic respiration when electrons are passed down the electron transport chain?

Water

Metabolic rate is relatively low in

Old age

In a temperate climate under ordinary conditions, the greatest loss of body heat occurs through

Radiation

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

Synthesis of glucagon

Amino acids are essential (and important) to the body for all of the following except....

as a source of quick energy

A person has been on a hunger strike for seven days. Compared to normal, he has ....

increased release of fatty acids from adipose tissue, and ketosis

Transamination is a chemical process by which

an amine group is transferred from an amino acid to a keto acid

Three days after removing the pancreas from an animal, the researcher finds a persistent increase in

acetoacetic acid concentration in the blood, urine volume, and blood glucose

Hunger, appetite, obesity, and physical activity are interrelated. Thus,

in all cases of obesity, the energy content of the ingested food has exceeded the energy expenditure of the body.

Body tempurature regulation is

influenced by temperature receptors in the skin, influenced by the temperature of the blood perfusing the heat regulation centers of the brain, and subject to both neural and hormonal control.

Which of the following yields the highest caloric content per gram?

fats

Fructose, glucose and galactose all transported out of the digestive system epithelium and into the blood stream via __________.

active transport

The formation of new glucose from proteins and fats is known as ______________.

gluconeogenesis

Diets high in cholesterol and saturated fats tend to produce high HDL concentrations.

False

When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of _________.

Fatty acids

____________ is the metabolic process of making large molecules from small ones. An example of this would be the synthesis of glycogen from glucose.

Anabolic

Cellular respiration is a catabolic process.

True

_____________ is responsible for the diffusion of glucose and active transport of amino acids into the tissues cells

Insulin

The bulk of ATP is generated during which phase of cellular respiration?

electron transport

Which of the following would be considered good sources of complete proteins?

eggs, meats, milk, yogurt and fish

What organ of the body predominately utilizes glucose as its main energy source?

Brain