Anatomy Test Skin 5.1-5.4

What are the three Roles of the Epidermis?

Protective, Sensory, regulatory

Stratum Basale

Is the deepest layer going out, bonds to the dermis, and contains the basal cell.

Basal Cell

In the Stratum Basale layer of the epidermis. Contains melanocytes which are cells that give our skin color. It also contains Merkel cells which helps with touch

stratum Spinosum

2nd deepest layer of the epidermis going out. Joins cell structures. Protection layer. Contains largerhan cells

Langerhan Cells

In the Stratum Spinosum, functions as a macrophage by engulfing bacteria, foreign particles, and damage particles.

Stratum granulosum

3rd deepest layer of the epidermis going out. Makes up the bulk of the keratinocyte mass. Doesn’t really have much of a role.

Stratum Lucidum

Is only found in Soles and palms. Is the smooth layer. Is found in the thick layer. Serves as a protection layer. Contains eledin

Keratinocytes

Originate in the basal layer and produce the main protein of the epidermis called keratin

Eledin

Makes the calluses

Stratum Corneum

IS the outermost or surface layer of the epidermis going out. A protection layer that prevents penetration of the tissue

What are the 4 functions

Protection, thermoregulation, Sensory, and Vitamin D Synthesis

Thermoregulation

Regulates body temp, sweat, and the sympathetic nervous system, hair helps regulate body temp as well

Sensory

hair senses disturbances, Merkell cells=touch

Protection

Skin is a protective barrier against water loss, hair, microbes, and viruses. Uses keratin glycolipids to prevent water loss

Vitamin D Synthesis

Makes it possible for the body to absorb calcium.

What are the 2 parts of the Dermis?

Papillary and reticular

Reticular

many BV, water retention, and has collegian and elastin.

Papillary

Has many BV, elastin and collagen, also has Meissen receptors and macrophages.

Hypodermis

Connected the skin to muscles a bones. Is used as a fat storage and insulation

Sebaceous Glands

Traps microbes, and keeps skin from cracking and drying out

Types of cancer

Basal cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Melanoma

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Occurrs in the stratum Basale, Not deadly, occurs mostly on the nose and ears, effects the mitotically active cells, and the treatments consist of surgery, freezing, or ointments

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Occurs in Stratum Spinosum, on the ears, nose, neck, head, Can be deadly,treatments include radiation or surgery, if untreated can metastasize.

Melanoma

occurs in the Stratum basale, in Moles that are uneven and raised, Is deadly, treatments are surgery or immunotherapy.

Skin disorders

Albinism, Vitiligo, Psoriasis

Albinism

Is where your body doesn’t produce enough melanin. Is genetic and no cure or treatments

Vitiligo

Is in patches, is an autoimmune disorder, and there is not really any treatment for it but it can go away

Psorisis

is patchy,scaley and raw and cracked spots. Spots like elbows. Is an Autoimmune. And the main form of treatment is steroid injections. The steroid injections help bring down inflammation.

Bed sores

Skin affected by excessive pressure, can be fatal is left untreated

Stretch marks

Dermis is stretched beyond limits

Burns

4 types, and is the death of cells, and results when the skin is damaged

Scars

From cuts and wounds to the skin

keloids

Raised hypotrophic scars

calluses

get a thickness of skin for protection where there is constant abrasion