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What are the three Roles of the Epidermis?
Protective, Sensory, regulatory
Stratum Basale
Is the deepest layer going out, bonds to the dermis, and contains the basal cell.
Basal Cell
In the Stratum Basale layer of the epidermis. Contains melanocytes which are cells that give our skin color. It also contains Merkel cells which helps with touch
stratum Spinosum
2nd deepest layer of the epidermis going out. Joins cell structures. Protection layer. Contains largerhan cells
Langerhan Cells
In the Stratum Spinosum, functions as a macrophage by engulfing bacteria, foreign particles, and damage particles.
Stratum granulosum
3rd deepest layer of the epidermis going out. Makes up the bulk of the keratinocyte mass. Doesn’t really have much of a role.
Stratum Lucidum
Is only found in Soles and palms. Is the smooth layer. Is found in the thick layer. Serves as a protection layer. Contains eledin
Keratinocytes
Originate in the basal layer and produce the main protein of the epidermis called keratin
Eledin
Makes the calluses
Stratum Corneum
IS the outermost or surface layer of the epidermis going out. A protection layer that prevents penetration of the tissue
What are the 4 functions
Protection, thermoregulation, Sensory, and Vitamin D Synthesis
Thermoregulation
Regulates body temp, sweat, and the sympathetic nervous system, hair helps regulate body temp as well
Sensory
hair senses disturbances, Merkell cells=touch
Protection
Skin is a protective barrier against water loss, hair, microbes, and viruses. Uses keratin glycolipids to prevent water loss
Vitamin D Synthesis
Makes it possible for the body to absorb calcium.
What are the 2 parts of the Dermis?
Papillary and reticular
Reticular
many BV, water retention, and has collegian and elastin.
Papillary
Has many BV, elastin and collagen, also has Meissen receptors and macrophages.
Hypodermis
Connected the skin to muscles a bones. Is used as a fat storage and insulation
Sebaceous Glands
Traps microbes, and keeps skin from cracking and drying out
Types of cancer
Basal cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Melanoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Occurrs in the stratum Basale, Not deadly, occurs mostly on the nose and ears, effects the mitotically active cells, and the treatments consist of surgery, freezing, or ointments
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Occurs in Stratum Spinosum, on the ears, nose, neck, head, Can be deadly,treatments include radiation or surgery, if untreated can metastasize.
Melanoma
occurs in the Stratum basale, in Moles that are uneven and raised, Is deadly, treatments are surgery or immunotherapy.
Skin disorders
Albinism, Vitiligo, Psoriasis
Albinism
Is where your body doesn’t produce enough melanin. Is genetic and no cure or treatments
Vitiligo
Is in patches, is an autoimmune disorder, and there is not really any treatment for it but it can go away
Psorisis
is patchy,scaley and raw and cracked spots. Spots like elbows. Is an Autoimmune. And the main form of treatment is steroid injections. The steroid injections help bring down inflammation.
Bed sores
Skin affected by excessive pressure, can be fatal is left untreated
Stretch marks
Dermis is stretched beyond limits
Burns
4 types, and is the death of cells, and results when the skin is damaged
Scars
From cuts and wounds to the skin
keloids
Raised hypotrophic scars
calluses
get a thickness of skin for protection where there is constant abrasion