quiz 2 (macromolecules)

carbohydrates

sugars; can be divided into three different types

monosaccharides

simplest form of a carb and are known as “single sugars”

examples of monosaccharides

glucose, fructose

disaccharides

known as “double sugars” due to it simply being two monosaccharides linked together

examples of disaccharides

lactose, sucrose

polysaccharides

long chain of monosaccharide subunits linked together, known as “many sugars”

examples of polysaccharides

starch, glycogen, cellulose

what did lugol’s test do & how

tested for the presence of starch; adding iodine to a solution and if it turns blue/purple

what did benedict’s test do & how

tested for reducing sugar levels; adding benedict’s reaction to a solution and the closer to red, the high levels or reduced sugar

lipids

any group of large biological molecules that mix poorly, if at all, with water

examples of lipids

fats, phospholipids, steroids

what do lipids mostly contain

carbon and hydrogen

saturated fatty acid

only single bond between neighboring carbons in the hydrocarbon chain

unsaturated fatty acid

hydrogen carbon chain has a double bond

examples of saturated fatty acid

butter, red meat, lactose

examples of unsaturated fatty acid

avocado oil, fish, almonds

what is the sudan IV test

test for lipids; if the solution turns red/orange then there are lipids

proteins

biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific 3-D structure

example of proteins

hormones, enzymes, peptide bonds, amino acids

what is A

primary structure; amino acids

what is B

secondary structure; helix

what is C

tertiary structure; polypeptide chains

what is D

quaternary structure; aggregation of 2 or more polypeptides

examples of nucleic acids

DNA, RNA

what is DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

what is RNA

ribonucleic acid

what is biuret’s test

tests for proteins; if it turns purple, then there are proteins present