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which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?
c. provide the defense for the CNS
which of the choices below describes the ANS?
a. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
what are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called?
c. ependymal cells
the sheath of schwann is also called
c. neurilemma
bipolar neurons are commonly
d. found in the retina of the eye
which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle?
b. acetylcholine
which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function?
a. analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions
the period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the
b. absolute refractory period
which of the following is not a special characteristic of neurons?
a. they are mitotic
the part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called
a. axon
which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials?
a. voltage-gated channel
an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the
b. synapse
what is the role of acetylcholinesterase?
a. destroy ACh for a brief period after its released by the axon endings
which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system?
b. innervation of skeletal muscle
collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called
d. ganglia
the term central nervous system refers to the
d. brain and spinal cord
the substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called :
d. neurotransmitter
a neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called an:
c. association neuron
saltatory conduction is made possible by
b. myelin sheath
which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters
b. nucleic acid
which of the following is false/incorrect?
c. a nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal
select the correct statement regarding synapses
d. the synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another
ependymal cells:
a. help to circulate cerebrospinal fluid
neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are:
c. astrocytes
schwann cells are functionally similar to:
b. oligodendrocytes
immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open?
c. potassium
nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs):
d. are crucial for the development of neural connections
an IPSP is associated with:
c. hyperpolarization
which of the following will occur when an EPSP is being generated on the dendritic membrane?
b. a single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium
when a sensory neuron is excited by some from of energy, the resulting graded potential is called:
c. generator potential
which of the following is not true of graded potentials?
c. they increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point
which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes?
a. some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP driven pumps
a second nerve impulse can't be generated until
d. the membrane potential has been reestablished
in what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ________________
a. negatively charged and contains less sodium
if a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon
c. the impulse would spread bidirectionally
neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. which of the following is true?
b. group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction
select the correct statement about serial processing:
d. spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing
the anteriolateral pathways:
a. are involved in the emotional aspects of perception
the suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the
b. hypothalamus
nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, VII are found in the
a. pons
the arbor vitae refers to
a. cerebellar white matter
the brain stem consists of the :
d. midbrain, medulla, pons
the primary auditory cortex is located in the:
c. temporal lobe
spinocerebellar tracts:
a. carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
what cells line the ventricles of the brain?
d. ependymal cells
the subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?
b. arachnoid and pia
the vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the
d. medulla
cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in:
a. the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?
b. longitudinal fissure
which of the following best describes the cerebrum?
c. executive suite
a shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a:
b. sulcus
which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?
b. the hemispheres are exactly equal in function
if the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the ___________
c. spinal cord may be affected
the central sulcus separates which lobes?
a. frontal from parietal
neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be _______
d. lateral spinothalamic
which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex?
b. fiber tracts
the hypothalamus _______
a. is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature
the white matter of the spinal cord contains _______
d. myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
which of the following is not a role of the basal nuclei?
b. initiating protective reflex actions
an individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. this would result in:
d. paraplegia
spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the:
b. upper motor neurons
ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere are called:
a. gyri
the frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the:
a. lateral sulcus
which of the following statements is a false/incorrect statement?
c. damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of voluntary muscle control
two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movements are:
b. pyramidal and corticospinal
an individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his/her finger but not recognize it as a bicycle most likely has damage to the:
c. visual association area
Broca's area_________
a. is considered a motor speech area
Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?
c. prefrontal cortex
the blood-brain barrier is effective against:
d. metabolic waste such as urea
which of the following is not part of the basal nuclei?
b. substantia nigra
all of the following are structures of the limbic system except:
a. caudate nucleus
which of the following is not a midbrain structure?
a. third ventricle
the process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in memory bank is called:
b. consolidation
the brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is:
a. reticular formation
which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?
b. RBC
REM sleep is associated with:
d. temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for the extrinsic eye muscles
which of the following is not a function of CSF?
b. initiation of some nerve impulses
injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except:
b. loss of proprioception
which asociation regarding the function and location of the cerebrum is most accurate?
d. motor anterior
brain wave amplitude:
b. reflects the number of neurons firing synchronously
importnat nuclei of the indirect system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of theinner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the _______
b. vestibular nuclei
which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory
b. medulla
the area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath for too long is the:
c. visceral sensory area
which statement about coma is true?
a. coma is neurologically identical to syncope
b. coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time
tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of:
b. parkinson's disease
which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?
d. concussion
declarative memory
d. is the ability to learn specific information
which of the following is/are involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?
c. red nuclei
which statment is not true?
d. stage 4 sleep increases in old age
which statement about epilepsy is most accurate?
a. epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor
white matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations except:
d. cerebral cortex
second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the:
b. thalamus
loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the:
a. premotor cortex
which brain waves are not normal for awake adults but are common for children?
b. theta
the secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of:
b. sympathetic activity
which of the following does not describe the ANS
a. system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells
preparing the body for the fight or flight response is the role of the:
c. sympathetic
the somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following except:
b. all of their neurotransmitters
a drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be
d. a beta blocker
the parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye is the:
a. ciliary ganglion