Exsc 224 Final Exam

which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?

c. provide the defense for the CNS

which of the choices below describes the ANS?

a. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

what are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called?

c. ependymal cells

the sheath of schwann is also called

c. neurilemma

bipolar neurons are commonly

d. found in the retina of the eye

which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle?

b. acetylcholine

which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function?

a. analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions

the period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the

b. absolute refractory period

which of the following is not a special characteristic of neurons?

a. they are mitotic

the part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called

a. axon

which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials?

a. voltage-gated channel

an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the

b. synapse

what is the role of acetylcholinesterase?

a. destroy ACh for a brief period after its released by the axon endings

which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system?

b. innervation of skeletal muscle

collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called

d. ganglia

the term central nervous system refers to the

d. brain and spinal cord

the substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called :

d. neurotransmitter

a neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called an:

c. association neuron

saltatory conduction is made possible by

b. myelin sheath

which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters

b. nucleic acid

which of the following is false/incorrect?

c. a nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal

select the correct statement regarding synapses

d. the synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another

ependymal cells:

a. help to circulate cerebrospinal fluid

neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are:

c. astrocytes

schwann cells are functionally similar to:

b. oligodendrocytes

immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open?

c. potassium

nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs):

d. are crucial for the development of neural connections

an IPSP is associated with:

c. hyperpolarization

which of the following will occur when an EPSP is being generated on the dendritic membrane?

b. a single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium

when a sensory neuron is excited by some from of energy, the resulting graded potential is called:

c. generator potential

which of the following is not true of graded potentials?

c. they increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point

which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes?

a. some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP driven pumps

a second nerve impulse can't be generated until

d. the membrane potential has been reestablished

in what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is ________________

a. negatively charged and contains less sodium

if a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon

c. the impulse would spread bidirectionally

neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. which of the following is true?

b. group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction

select the correct statement about serial processing:

d. spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing

the anteriolateral pathways:

a. are involved in the emotional aspects of perception

the suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the

b. hypothalamus

nuclei of cranial nerves V, VI, VII are found in the

a. pons

the arbor vitae refers to

a. cerebellar white matter

the brain stem consists of the :

d. midbrain, medulla, pons

the primary auditory cortex is located in the:

c. temporal lobe

spinocerebellar tracts:

a. carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum

what cells line the ventricles of the brain?

d. ependymal cells

the subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

b. arachnoid and pia

the vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the

d. medulla

cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in:

a. the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

b. longitudinal fissure

which of the following best describes the cerebrum?

c. executive suite

a shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a:

b. sulcus

which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?

b. the hemispheres are exactly equal in function

if the posterior portion of the neural tube failed to develop properly the ___________

c. spinal cord may be affected

the central sulcus separates which lobes?

a. frontal from parietal

neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be _______

d. lateral spinothalamic

which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex?

b. fiber tracts

the hypothalamus _______

a. is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature

the white matter of the spinal cord contains _______

d. myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers

which of the following is not a role of the basal nuclei?

b. initiating protective reflex actions

an individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. this would result in:

d. paraplegia

spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the:

b. upper motor neurons

ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere are called:

a. gyri

the frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the:

a. lateral sulcus

which of the following statements is a false/incorrect statement?

c. damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of voluntary muscle control

two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movements are:

b. pyramidal and corticospinal

an individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his/her finger but not recognize it as a bicycle most likely has damage to the:

c. visual association area

Broca's area_________

a. is considered a motor speech area

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

c. prefrontal cortex

the blood-brain barrier is effective against:

d. metabolic waste such as urea

which of the following is not part of the basal nuclei?

b. substantia nigra

all of the following are structures of the limbic system except:

a. caudate nucleus

which of the following is not a midbrain structure?

a. third ventricle

the process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in memory bank is called:

b. consolidation

the brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is:

a. reticular formation

which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

b. RBC

REM sleep is associated with:

d. temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for the extrinsic eye muscles

which of the following is not a function of CSF?

b. initiation of some nerve impulses

injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except:

b. loss of proprioception

which asociation regarding the function and location of the cerebrum is most accurate?

d. motor anterior

brain wave amplitude:

b. reflects the number of neurons firing synchronously

importnat nuclei of the indirect system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of theinner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the _______

b. vestibular nuclei

which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory

b. medulla

the area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath for too long is the:

c. visceral sensory area

which statement about coma is true?
a. coma is neurologically identical to syncope

b. coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time

tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of:

b. parkinson's disease

which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?

d. concussion

declarative memory

d. is the ability to learn specific information

which of the following is/are involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)?

c. red nuclei

which statment is not true?

d. stage 4 sleep increases in old age

which statement about epilepsy is most accurate?

a. epilepsy is often genetically induced but also frequently caused by head trauma, stroke, infection, and tumor

white matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations except:

d. cerebral cortex

second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the:

b. thalamus

loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the:

a. premotor cortex

which brain waves are not normal for awake adults but are common for children?

b. theta

the secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of:

b. sympathetic activity

which of the following does not describe the ANS

a. system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells

preparing the body for the fight or flight response is the role of the:

c. sympathetic

the somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following except:

b. all of their neurotransmitters

a drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be

d. a beta blocker

the parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye is the:

a. ciliary ganglion