6.2.2 WHAP: Imperialism (Australia)

1914-1918

World War I

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

Nationalism

A sense of unity binding the people of a state together; devotion to the interests of a particular country or nation, an identification with the state and an acceptance of national goals.

The West

A group of highly developed countries; initially consisting of Western Europe (Britain, France, Germany, etc), later including the United States

Spanish Empire

1400s- Late 1900s. Made up of territories and colonies in Europe, Africa, and Asia controlled from Spain. At its strongest, it was one of the biggest empires in world history according to how much land they had, and one of the 1st global empires. Royalty from the Castile and Aragon kingdoms ruled it. Christopher Colombus led the first Spanish exploration trip which led them to colonizing America.

Portuguese Empire

took an early lead in European exploration (sponsored by Prince Henry); went East and established trading posts in West Africa, East Africa (Swahili City States) and India for spice trade

British Empire

What is now the United Kingdom and all the territories and colonies under its control; this empire consisted of Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand and vast portions of Africa

Indirect Rule

Colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status

Direct Rule

Colonial government in which local elites are removed from power and replaced by a new set of officials brought from the mother country

Settlement Colony

Large groups of people from the parent country living together in a new place with the colonized people

Protectorate

A country that is technically independent but is actually under the control of another country.

Dominion

A nation (such as Canada) allowed to govern its own domestic affairs though technically tied to a mother country

Sphere of Influence

Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

Social Darwinism

A description often applied to the late 19th century belief of people such as Herbert Spencer and others who argued that "survival of the fittest" justifies the competition of laissez-faire capitalism and imperialist policies.

White Man's Burden

Idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized

Aborigine

The general named often used to describe the original inhabitants of Australia.

Maori

indigenous people of New Zealand

James Cook

English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779).

Penal colony

a colony to which convicts are sent as an alternative to prison

Terra Nullius

Land belonging to no one

Smallpox

A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, weakness, and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs; responsible for killing a large portion of Indigenous peoples in Australia and New Zealand following European imperialism.