Islam

Prophet Muhammad

merchant, charismatic prophet, political leader

mecca & medina

two holiest cities in Islam

Koran

114 books composed of revelations recited by muhammad

five pillars of islam

mandated duties for muslims to further their faith

Ummah

islamic community

Dhimma

Islamic legal system that provided protection to practice their religion

caliph

muslim leader next in line to muhammad

diaspora

dispersal of jewish people 

church councils

assembly of christian leaders to discuss christian doctrine

What did arabs believe?

one favored god out of many

who was the favored god?

allah

what is a rule when your in an islamic space?

you have to pray in a certain direction

Quraysh tribe

tribe muhammad belonged to

when was muhammad born?

520 CE

what did muhammads family do for a living?

they were merchants

where was muhammad born?

mecca

what did muhammad find interest in early on?

religion

what monumental event happened to muhammad?

he received his first revelation

why was muhammad persecuted?

he was going against what they were teaching mecca

where did muhammad migrate & what did he do here?

medina. he became a statesman.

what accomplishment did muhammad have in medina?

his army took over medina

when did muhammad die?

632 CE

what was the importance of the ummah community?

created a sense of unity between cultures & ethnicities.

what is one rule about the Koran?

it has to be written in the orginal language that muhammad spoke (arabic)

what purpose does the koran serve? 

a spiritual & moral guide for muslims

hadith

additional teachings from muhammad that didnt make it into the koran

shahada

profession of faith

what does shahada say?

there is no God other than allah & muahmmad is the messenger of allah

salat

prayer

zakat

giving to the less fortunate

sawm

fasting for a month during ramadan

Hajj

seek spiritual purification

umayyad dynasty 

first muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate 

where was the capital relocated?

damascus, syria

why was the capital relocated?

to be closer to major trade routes

where was the capital relocated for the second time and why?

baghdad, iraw. same reason as before.

why was muhammad important to jews?

jews believed that god would send someone to liberate them and muhammad was that person