ATI Teas - Science - DNA & RNA

DNA - Deoxyribose nucleic acid

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

Gene

- Are single units of genetic information.

- These are made up of DNA

- Identifies how traits are passed on & expressed

DNA

A nucleic acid located in the cell nucleus

- also found in the mitochondria

- replicates to pass on genetic information

- involved in the biosynthesis of proteins

Double Helix

Shape of DNA?

Nucleotides

- 5 Carbon Sugar

- Small units, or monomers, that makeup DNA

- Made up of phosphate & nitrogenous group

the building blocks of DNA

DNA

Adenine = A

Guanine = Guy

Cytosine = Cracked his

Thymine = Thyroid

Pyrimidine bases

cytosine, thymine, and uracil = Y3

Purine bases

Adenine & Guanine U2

5

How many bases are in DNA & RNA?

Codons

A three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid.

Enzymes

Steps in DNA replication is controlled by?

RNA

- Contains the sugar ribose

RNA

Adenine = A

Guanine = Girl

Cytosine = Cracked

Uracil = Urethra

Genotype

- Combination of genes in an organism

- Genetic makeup

Phenotype

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.

Allele

One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic

Ex. The genetic information for eye color is a gene. The gene variations for blue, green, brown or black eyes are called allele

Dominant genes

stronger traits written with capital letters (BB)

Recessive gene

- Gene that is hidden when the dominant gene is present

- Gene that is expressed only in the absence of a dominant gene (bb)

Monohybrid

A cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait

Homozygous

Two of the same alleles

Heterozygous

Two different alleles

Dihybrid

Cross or mating between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits

Co-Dominance

a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed

Incomplete Dominance

Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele

Polygenic Inheritance

Combined effect of two or more genes on a single character

Multiple Alleles

three or more alleles of the same gene