B8.2 Respiration

Mitochondria

The site of aerobic respiration in a cell

Aerobic

Respiration using OXYGEN

Anaerobic

Respiration WITHOUT oxygen

Lactic acid

Waste product of anaerobic respiration in humans

Respiration

Release of energy for by cells by breakdown of biological molecules.

Glucose

A simple, soluble sugar used in respiration

Glycogen

A large, insoluble molecule made of many glucose molecules (used to store glucose in the muscles)

Oxygen debt

The oxygen needed to break down lactic acid after exercise involving ANAEROBIC respiration

Carbon dioxide

Gas produced as a waste product of respiration

Oxygen

Gas needed for AEROBIC respiration

Breathing

The movement of air into and out of the lungs (used to take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide)

Uses of energy by cells

Muscle contraction / Building large molecules / Keeping body temperature constant / Active Transport

carbon dioxide and ethanol

products of anaerobic respiration in yeast and plants

ATP

small molecule that carries energy around within a cell (mainly studied at A level)

Accuracy

A description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured.

Repeatability

How close values are when repeated by the same person with the same equipment

Reproducibility

How close a group of measurements are to each other - these measurements have been taken by different people in different experiments.

Precision

The exactness of a measurement - equipment with small increments have a high level of this.

Validity

The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure - when accurate and reliable data have been collected, and a fair test is conducted.

Fair test

When only one variable is changed and all other control variables are kept the same.

Range bars

Measure of variation between repeats.