AP Euro - Ch. Chapter 19 (French Revolution & Napoleonic Era)

Old Regime

French political system with rigid class structure, absolute monarchy

Louis XVI

King of France, Leads to Revolution, executed

First Estate

Owned land, Privileged

Second Estate

Nobility

Third Estate

Bourgeoisie, Peasants, etc
No political power

Bourgeoisie

Middle class, revolutionary force

Bankruptcy

French govt. Financial Crisis

Estates General

French representative assembly

Emmanuel Sieyes

Author, Revolutionary

Tennis Court Oath

Third Estate Representatives vowed not to disband until France had a constitution

National Assembly

Formed by 3rd estate
Wrote constitution

Bastille

Prison stormed
Sparked french revolution

The Great Fear

After National Assembly, fear that nobles would take over
Peasant Revolt

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Natural rights, equality, and popular sovereignty
Influenced by enlightenment

Liberty Equality and Fraternity

French Revolution ideas

Limited monarchy

Monarchs power restricted

Divine Right Monarchy

Kings authority comes from God

Marie Antoinette

Queen of France (Austrian), royal excess, executed

Emigres

1st and 2nd estate fled during great fear

Max Robespierre

Jacobin leader, lead reign of terror

Jean Paul Marat

Radical Journalist, assassinated

Charlotte Cordat

Assassinated Marat, Believed killing him would end violence, executed

Olympe de Gouges

Deceleration of the Rights of Woman, Feminist, Executed

Mary Wollstonecraft

Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Feminist

Edmund Burke

Reflections on the Revolution in France, Criticizing Revolution

Girondists

Moderate republicans, wanted limited war, represented provinces

Jacobins

Radicals

Sans-culottes

Parisan working class, demanded price control and equality

Legislative Assembly

Limited monarchy period, 2nd Revolutionary legislature

National Convention

Third revolutionary legislature, abolished monarchy

The directory

Five-man executive governing France, corrupt, Napoleons coup ended

Republic

Form of government wo monarch

Assignats

Paper money (revolutionary), caused inflation

Price controls

Government set prices on food (sans culottes), tried to control inflation

Reign of Terror

Mass executions, led by Jacobins

Thermidorean Reaction

Ended reign of Terror, moderates got power back

Conscription

Mandatory military service, Induced war

Napoleon

French general who became emperor

Coup

Sudden illegal seizure of government

Consulate

Govt. led by 3 consuls

Plebiscite

Direct popular vote, Napoleon used to legitimize power

Napoleonic Code

Unified French legal system, preserved revolutionary equality, limited women’s Rights

Nationalism

Strong identity w a nation

Continental System

Economic blockade forbidding European trade

Abdication

Formal Resignation from throneE

Exile

Forced removal from ones country

Trafalgar

Battle at Sea, Napoleon defeated → Continental System

Austerliz

Napoleons greatest victory over Austria and Russia

Waterloo

Napoleons final defeat in Belgium

Invasion of Russia

Disaster, Turning point for Napoleon