Chapter 13: Africa and The Atlantic World

Songhay Empire

dominant West African empire replacing Mali

Sunni Ali

Songhay emperor from 1464 to 1492

Swahili City-States

coastal trading hubs in East Africa

Kongo Kingdom

powerful Central African state

King Afonso

Christian king of Kongo

Ndongo (Angola)

Central African kingdom targeted by Portuguese slave traders

Queen Nzinga

ruler of Ndongo from 1623 to 1663

Great Zimbabwe

Southern African kingdom known for its stone architecture

Cape Town

Dutch trading post established in 1652

Islam in Africa

popular in West African states and Swahili city-states

The Fulani

West African pastoral people

Christianity in Africa

introduced by Portuguese merchants

Dona Beatriz

leader of the Antonian movement in Kongo

Kinship and Clan Systems

core of African social structures

American Crops

such as manioc

Traditional African Slavery

involved war captives

Islamic Slave Trade

established in Africa before the Atlantic trade

Atlantic Slave Trade

initiated by Portuguese in the 15th century

Triangular Trade

transatlantic trade system exchanging European goods for African slaves

Middle Passage

brutal transatlantic journey for slaves

Impact of the Slave Trade on Africa

included distorted sex ratios

Plantation Societies

agricultural systems in the Americas dependent on slave labor

Haitian Revolution

1793 slave revolt in Saint-Domingue

Creole Languages

linguistic blends of African and European languages developed by slaves in the Americas.

African-American Christianity

syncretic religious practices combining African rituals with Christian beliefs.

Abolition of the Slave Trade

movement influenced by Enlightenment ideals

Olaudah Equiano

former slave and abolitionist

End of Slavery

gradual process: 1833 in British colonies