Songhay Empire
dominant West African empire replacing Mali
Sunni Ali
Songhay emperor from 1464 to 1492
Swahili City-States
coastal trading hubs in East Africa
Kongo Kingdom
powerful Central African state
King Afonso
Christian king of Kongo
Ndongo (Angola)
Central African kingdom targeted by Portuguese slave traders
Queen Nzinga
ruler of Ndongo from 1623 to 1663
Great Zimbabwe
Southern African kingdom known for its stone architecture
Cape Town
Dutch trading post established in 1652
Islam in Africa
popular in West African states and Swahili city-states
The Fulani
West African pastoral people
Christianity in Africa
introduced by Portuguese merchants
Dona Beatriz
leader of the Antonian movement in Kongo
Kinship and Clan Systems
core of African social structures
American Crops
such as manioc
Traditional African Slavery
involved war captives
Islamic Slave Trade
established in Africa before the Atlantic trade
Atlantic Slave Trade
initiated by Portuguese in the 15th century
Triangular Trade
transatlantic trade system exchanging European goods for African slaves
Middle Passage
brutal transatlantic journey for slaves
Impact of the Slave Trade on Africa
included distorted sex ratios
Plantation Societies
agricultural systems in the Americas dependent on slave labor
Haitian Revolution
1793 slave revolt in Saint-Domingue
Creole Languages
linguistic blends of African and European languages developed by slaves in the Americas.
African-American Christianity
syncretic religious practices combining African rituals with Christian beliefs.
Abolition of the Slave Trade
movement influenced by Enlightenment ideals
Olaudah Equiano
former slave and abolitionist
End of Slavery
gradual process: 1833 in British colonies