Chapter 5 Keyterms

Aerosol

Aerosol

a pressurized container with a pro- pellant that is used to administer a drug through oral inhalation into the lungs

Buccal route of administration

a transmucosal route of administration in which a drug is placed between the gum and the inner lining of the cheek

Caplet

a hybrid solid dosage formulation shar- ing characteristics of both a tablet and a capsule

Chewable tablets

a solid oral dosage form meant to be chewed that is readily absorbed; commonly prescribed for school-age children

Conjunctival route of administration

the placement of sterile ophthalmic medications in the conjunctival sac of the eye(s)

Controlled Release Formulation

a dosage form that is formulated to release medication over a long duration

Delayed Release (DR)

Tablets that are specially coated and designed to delay absorption and dissolving until after the drug has bypassed the stomach.

Diluent

an inactive ingredient that allows for the appropriate concentration of the medi- cation in the tablet or capsule; also used to reconstitute parenteral products

effervescent salts

granular salts that release gas and dispense active ingredients into solution when placed in water

Elixir

a clear, sweetened, flavored solution con- taining water and ethanol

Enema

the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

Enteric-coated tablets

a tablet coating designed to resist destruction by the acidic pH of the gastric fluids and to delay the release of the active ingredient

Extendend Release XL formulation

a tablet or capsule designed to reduce frequency of dosing compared with immediate-release and most sustained-release formulations

Film-coated tablets

a tablet coated with a thin outer layer that prevents serious GI side effects

Granules

a dosage form larger than powders that is formed by adding very small amounts of liquid to powders

Inhalation route of administration

the administration of a drug by inhalation into the lungs; also called intrarespiratory route of administration

Injection

the administration of a parenteral medication into the bloodstream, muscle, or skin

intranasal route of administration

the placement of sprays or solutions into the nose

intrauterine device

a device that delivers medication to prevent conception

irrigation solution

any solution used for cleansing or bathing an area of the body, such as the eyes or ears

lozenges

a medication in a sweet-tasting formulation that is absorbed in the mouth; also known as a troche

Magma

a milklike liquid colloidal dispersion, such as milk of magnesia, in which particles remain distinct, in a two-phase system

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs.

ocular route of administration

the placement of sterile ophthalmic medications into the eye

oral disintegrating tablet (ODT)

a solid oral dosage form designed to dissolve quickly on the tongue for oral absorption and ease of administration without water

otic route of administration

the placement of solutions or suspensions into the ear

parenteral route

the injection or infusion of fluids and/or medications into the body, bypassing the GI tract

Rectal route of administration:

the delivery of medication via the rectum

Sublingual route of administration

oral administration in which a drug is placed under the tongue and is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream

transdermal dosage form

designed to deliver a drug to the bloodstream via absorption through the skin via a patch or disk