MODULE 4: DEONOTOLOGY I - DIVINE COMMAND & NATURAL LAW

Lesson 1: Divine Command Theory

• Lesson 1.1: Basic Views

  • God’s Will as Basis of Moral Law: Whatever is good is good because God says so. 

    • Strong - God’s will is the sole base of morality

    • Weak: Morality can be based on God’s will or an independent standard/reason (God’s will wins overall)

Lesson 2: Natural Law Theory

• Lesson 2.1: Basic Views

  • Natural law is inherent in the universe and in humanity; does not need a supernatural force.

    • Stoics: To live morally, one must live in harmony with the rational order of nature (the universe)

    • Aquinas:  Good means following our natural inclinations (like life, knowledge, relationships)

• Lesson 2.2: Some Challenges

• Moral Absolutism (Natural Law Theory):
  Some actions are always right or wrong, no matter the outcome.

Moral Absolutism

• Forfeiture: If you threaten an innocent life, you lose your own right to life.

• Double Effect: Doing good is allowed even if it causes harm — as long as the harm isn’t intended.