4.2 Data Collection in Qualitative Research

1. naturally occuring data

2. generated data throough the intervention of the research

2 types of data collection

participant observation

The researcher joins the constituents study population/ organization or community setting

documentary analysis

involves systematically reviewing and interpreting existing documents

1. media reports

2. government papers

3. publicity materials

examples of documents used in documentary analysis

1. minutes of the meeting

2. formal letters

3. financial accounts

examples of procedurals used in documentary analysis

1. diaries

2. letters

3. photos

examples of personal documents used in documentary analysis

1. documents

2. procedurals

3. personal documents

what kind of datas was used in documentary analysis

conversation analysis

Describe people's methods of producing orderly social interaction

Talk in Interaction

detailes examination of "____" to determine how the conversation analysis is constructed & enact

discourse analysis

study of text and verbal accounts

documentary and conversation analysis

what are the 2 analysis where combined to create a discourse analysis

generated data

use life stories, narratives and recounted biographies and individual interviews

interview as a method for data collection

aims to elicit information about the interviewee's own behaviors, attitude, belief, norms and vales or that of others

1. structured

2. semi structured

3. unstructured

4. focused individual interview

5. focused group interview

types of interviews

structured interview

• Exact same questions will be asked (to be aggregated)

• Respondents choose answers from alternatives

semi structured interview

• written and supplemented with recording

• responses are limited to subject in question, interviewee may add more details if needed

unstructured interview

• Recoding responses

• respondents says as much as they wish after a brief introduction by the interviewer

• Monologues with few prompts to ensure completion of statements

focused individual interview

Uses open questions

1. oral history interview

2. life history interview

what are the 2 categories of focused individual interview?

oral history interview

asks respondents to review events from the past & reflect from them

life history interview

aims to obtain info on the entire biography of each interviewee

focused group interview

discusses specific issue in groups

1. specific information

2. in depth information

3. spectrum in between

4. ability to gather group of interviewee

5. delphi method

Considerations when Justifying an Interview Design

pyrposive sampling

Select "On Purpose": Handpick individuals who meet these criteria, rather than randomly

1. theorethical sampling

2. generic purposive sampling

Purposive Sampling Types

theoretical sampling

research should carry on sampling theoretically until a category has been saturated w/ data

generic purposive sampling

researchers intentionally select participants with specific traits or experiences relevant to their study goals, focusing on "information-rich" cases for deep understanding rather than broad statistical representation