Dual credit US HISTORY vocab topic 0

House of Burgesses

the legislature For the Jamestown colony established by the Virginia company in 1619.

first legislative assembly in North America

Mayflower compact

Governing document for Plymouth colony that established form of self Government for the colonist

Magna Carta

A document limiting the power of the king of England and guaranteeing certain rights to Englishman

English Bill of Rights

Act of parliament that limited the rights of the English monarchy and enumerated certain political rights.

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasize reasons and individualism over faith and tradition.

John Locke

An English philosopher who wrote two trees of government

Great awakening

A religious movement in the North American colonies that emphasize individual salvation and high standards of personal morality

Thomas Jefferson

Virginia statesman who wrote the declaration of independence and served as the third president in the United States

John Hancock

Massachusetts statesman who served as the President of the second continental Congress

George Washington

Virginia, Officer, in statement who led the continental army during the revolutionary war and surfed as the first president of the United States

Republican Government

a government in which officials are representatives elected by the people; also known as a representative democracy

Bill of rights

the protections for personal liberty that limit the power of the government over individuals

Articles of Confederation

the first plan for a national government in the United States; it created a confederation of 13 states

Shays’ Rebellion

an armed uprising of Massachusetts farmers led by Daniel Shays intended to shut down the courts and block foreclosures of farms

Confederation

an alliance or league of governments pledged to work together

Northwest Territory

part of the territory ceded to the United States by Great Britain in the Treaty of Paris; it lay north of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi River, and west of the established boundaries of Pennsylvania

James Madison

James Madison (1751–1836) was a Virginia statesman who played an important role in the debates at the Constitutional Convention and served as the fourth President of the United States.

Checks and Balances

each branch of government can limit actions of other branches to protect against abuse of power

Federalism

division of power among federal and state governments

The Federalist Papers

a collection of essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay originally published in New York newspapers to persuade voters to ratify the Constitution

Separation of Power

division of government into groups to limit its power

Antifederalists

the opponents of ratifying the U.S. Constitution

1. Virginia Declaration of Rights-

a document listing the protected rights of Virginians, which was incorporated into the Virginia state constitution in 1776; it influenced a number of later documents, including the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights

limited government

basic principle of American government, which states that government is restricted in what it may do, and each individual has rights that government cannot take away; a principle stating that the government has only as much authority as the people give it and, therefore, its power is limited; government in which government actions are limited by law

John Marshall

John Marshall (1755–1835) was a Virginia statesman who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 35 years, leaving a lasting influence on the role of the Court.

1. Judicial Review-

the power for courts to decide the constitutionality of law

Louisiana Purchase

the acquisition of the Louisiana Territory, which extended from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, from France for $15 million

Monroe Doctrine

a declaration in which the United States asserted that the monarchies of Europe had no business meddling with American republics, including those in Latin America

Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson (1767–1845) was a Tennessee officer and statesman who became famous during the War of 1812 and later served as the seventh President.

Nullification

the idea that states could nullify, or void, any federal law they deemed unconstitutional

Indian Removal Act

act passed by Congress in 1830 that allowed the federal government to negotiate land trades with the Native Americans in the Southeast

Trail of Tears

forced march of the Cherokee Indians to move west of the Mississippi in the 1830s

Panic of 1837

the start of a prolonged downturn in the American economy touched off by changes in government policy

Alexis de Tocqueville

Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) was a French aristocrat whose travels in the United States in the 1830s resulted in the publication of Democracy in America, an influential analysis of American politics.

Industrial Revolution

a period in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries when output grew significantly through the use of machines and new methods of production

Underground Railroad

a system that existed before the Civil War in which African American and white abolitionists helped people trying to escape enslavement travel to safe areas in the North and in Canada

abolitionists

reformers who advocated a complete end to slavery

Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass (1818?–1895) was a formerly enslaved African American who had been taught to read and write before he escaped to the North; he went on to become one of the most important voices in the abolitionist movement.

Second Great Awakening

a Protestant movement in the early 1800s that increased membership in evangelical movements

Lucretia Mott

Lucretia Mott (1793–1880) was a Quaker social reformer who worked for the abolition of slavery and the expansion of women’s rights.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815–1902) was a leading figure in the American women’s rights movement.

Declaration of Sentiments

a document created at the Seneca Fall Convention in 1848 that demanded equal rights for women

Susan B, Anthony

Susan B, Anthony (1820–1906) was a women’s rights activist who worked toward gaining the right to vote for women

suffrage

the right to vote

Manifest Destiny

the idea that the United States was destined by God to occupy territory spanning from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans

Sam Houston

Sam Houston (1793–1863) was a Texas military leader and the first president of the Republic of Texas.

James K. Polk

James K. Polk (1795–1849) was a Tennessee statesman who served as the eleventh President.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

the treaty that ended the Mexican-American War; the United States acquired territory in the future states of Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming