Chapter 9 Part 1 Notes - Head and Neck Anatomy

the 11 regions of the head

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, orbital, nasal, infraorbital, zygomatic, buccal, oral, and mental

a natural opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

foramen

a hollow, grooved, or depressed area in a bone

fossa

the external opening of a canal

meatus

a prominence or projection on a bone

process

the jagged line where bones articulate and form a joint that does not move

suture

the site where bones come together to form a cartilaginous joint

symphysis

a small, rough projection on a bone

tubercle

a large, rounded process on a bone

tuberosity

the human skull is divided into what two sections

cranium and face

female skulls tend to be __ and __ and have __ walls

smaller, lighter, thinner

the female forehead usually retains a __ anterior contour and the teeth are __ with rounded incisal edges

rounded, smaller

male skulls are __ and __ and have more rugged muscle markings and prominences

larger, heavier

male teeth are __ and are more squared incisally, and the forehead is __ as a result of developing frontal sinuses, which are larger in men

larger, flatter

the cranium is composed of __ bones that cover and protect the brain

8

the face consists of __ bones

14

the cranial bones consist of

frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, parietal, and temporal bones

forms the forehead, most of the orbital roof, and the anterior cranial floor

frontal

form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

parietal

forms the back and base of the cranium

occipital

form the sides and base of the cranium

temporal

forms part of the anterior base of the skull and part of the walls of the orbit

sphenoid

forms part of the orbit and the floor of the cranium

ethmoid

form the prominence of the cheeks and part of the orbit

zygomatic

form the upper jaw

maxillary

form the posterior part of the hard palate and the floor of the nose

palatine

form the bridge of the nose

nasal

form part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye

lacrimal

forms the base for the nasal septum

vomer

form part of the interior of the nose

inferior conchae

forms the lower jaw

mandible

the two __ bones form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

parietal

the two parietal bones are joined at the __ suture at the midline of the skull

sagittal

the line of articulation between the frontal bone and the parietal bones is called the __ suture

coronal

in a newborn, the anterior __ is the soft spot where the sutures between the frontal and parietal bones have not yet closed

fontanelle

when does the fontanelle on a newborn disappear?

as the child grows, the sutures close

the __ bone forms the forehead, part of the floor of the cranium, and most of the roof of orbits

frontal

the __ is the bony cavity that protects the eye

orbit

the frontal bone contains the two frontal __, with one located above each eye

sinuses

the occipital bone joins the parietal bones at the __ suture

lambdoid

what joins the parietal bones at the lambdoid suture?

occipital bone

the spinal cord passes through the __ __ of the occipital bone

foramen magnum

paired __ bones form the sides and base of the cranium

temporal

each temporal bone encloses an ear and contains the __ __ __, which is the bony passage of the outer ear

external auditory meatus

the __ __ is a projection on the temporal bone located just behind the ear

mastoid process

the mastoid process is composed of __ __ that communicate with the middle ear cavity

air spaces

the lower portion of each temporal bone bears the __ __ for articulation with the mandible

glenoid fossa

the __ __ extends from the undersurface of the temporal bone

styloid process

the __ bone is made up of a body and paired greater and lesser wings

sphenoid

the __ bone forms the anterior part of the base of the skull

sphenoid

each __ wing articulates with the temporal bone on either side and anteriorly with the frontal and zygomatic bones to form part of the orbit

greater

each __ wing articulates with the ethmoid and frontal bones and also forms part of the orbit

lesser

the __ __ are located in the sphenoid bone just posterior to the eye

sphenoid sinuses

the __ process, which extends downward from the sphenoid bone, consists of two plate

pterygoid

the __ pterygoid plate is the point of origin for the internal and external pterygoid muscles

lateral

the __ pterygoid plate ends in the hook-shaped hamulus, which is visible on some dental radiographs

medial

hook shaped __, which is visible on some dental radiographs

hamulus

the __ bone forms part of the floor of the cranium, the orbit, and the nasal cavity

ethmoid

the ethmoid bone contains __ like spaces and the ethmoid sinuses

honeycomb

the ethmoid bone contains honeycomb-like spaces and the __ __

ethmoid sinuses

the __ concha and __ concha are scroll-like structures that extend from the ethmoid bone

medial and superior

the middle ear is composed of three tiny bones named the auditory __

ossicles

each ear contains one __ (hammer), __ (or anvil) and __ (or stirrup)

malleus, incus, and stapes

what are the bones of the face

lacrimal bone, nasal bone, vomer, nasal conchae zygomatic bone, maxilla, and mandible

the two zygomatic bones are also known as

malar bones

__ bones form the prominence of the cheek and lateral wall and floor of the orbit

zygomatic

the __ process of the zygomatic bone extends upward to articulate with the frontal bone at the outer edge of the orbit

frontal

the zygomatic bones rest on the __ bones, and each articulates with the right or left zygomatic process

maxillary

the __ process of the zygomatic bone articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the __ __

temporal, zygomatic arch

__ __ which creates the prominence of the cheek

zygomatic arch

the two maxillary bones are also known as the __

maxillae

what is singular for maxillae

maxilla

__ form the upper jaw and part of the hard palate

maxilla

the maxillary bones are joined together at the midline by the __ suture

maxillary

the __ process of the maxillary bones extends upward to articulate with the zygomatic bone

zygomatic

the maxillary bones contain the maxillary __

sinuses

the __ process of the maxillary bones forms the support for the teeth of the maxillary arch

alveolar

the __ __ is a larger, rounded area on the outer surface of the maxillary bones in the area of the posterior teeth

maxillary tuberosity

the maxillary tuberosity is also a useful __ for mounting maxillary radiographs

landmark

the __ bones are paired between the maxilla and pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone

palatine

the __ plate of the palatine bones forms the posterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose

horizontal

the two __ bones form the bridge of the nose

nasal

what articulates with the frontal bone and make up a small portion of the nasal septum

nasal bone

the two __ bones make up part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye

lacrimal

these small, thin bones lie directly behind the frontal processes of the maxillary bones

lacrimal bones

the __ is a single, flat bone that forms the base for the nasal septum

vomer

each lateral wall of the nasal cavity consists of 3 projecting structures that extend inward from the maxilla, called the __ __

nasal conchae

each concha extends __ like into the nasal cavity

scroll

the superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae are formed from the __ bone

ethmoid

the __ forms the lower jaw

mandible

the only movable bone of the skull

mandible

the __ process of the mandible supports the teeth of the mandibular arch

alveolar

the strongest and longest bone of the face

mandible

how does the mandible first develop?

prenatally as two bones and then in childhood it ossifies into a single bone

ossifies

hardens

the symphysis is located at the __ and forms the mental tuberance

midline

the symphysis is located at the midline and forms the __ __

mental protuberance

the mental protuberance is also known as

the chin

a mental __ is located on the facial surface on the left and right between the apices of the first and second mandibular premolars

foramen

small, rounded, and raised areas on the inner (medial) surface of the mandible near the symphasis

genial tubercles