Exam 3 Chemical hazards

what is a chemical

a substance with a distinct molecule composition that is produced by or used in a chemical process

what is the osha definition of a hazardous chemical

any chemical which is a physical hazard or a health hazard

what is the osha definition of a physical hazard

a chemical for which there is scientifically vaild evidence that it is a combustible liquids, a compressed gas, explosive flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, is unstable, or is water reactive

pyrophoric

spontaneously ignites upon exposure to air

what is the osha definition of a health hazard

a chemical for which there is a statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principals that acute chronic heath effects may occur in an exposure individual

what are examples of health hazard

chemicals which are carcinogenic, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, and neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic system and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes

national safety counsel definition of hazardous materials

any substance or compound that has a capacity of producing adverse effects on the health and safety of humans

department of transportation and development has how many classes (DOTD)

9 classes

DOTD

does not define a general term such as hazardous chemical or hazardous materials, but does classify chemical by hazard class and division within the class

class 6 DOTD

toxic substances and infectious substances

class 9 DOTD

miscellaneous hazardous materials/products, substances or organisms

29

CFR

1910

subpart

Z

department of labor

federal regulation

OSHA general industry

toxic and hazardous substances

1910.1200

hazard communication

osha published the hazard communication standard in 1983 also known as what?

"right to know" law. aka the 2nd most commonly cited OSHA standard

the primary goal for the "right to know" law

employees are protected from chemical hazards (done through communication)

what is GHS

a system of standardizing and harmonizing the classification and labeling of chemical

what does GHS define

health, physical. and environmental hazards of chemicals

how does GHS communicate hazard information as well as protective measures

on labels Safety and Data Sheets

what is the differences in systems within during Pre-GHS

different countries and regulatory agencies within the same country. which lead to inconsistent protection for those potentially exposed and extensive regulatory burdens on companies producing chemicals

GHS is what

it is not a regulation or a standard. it establishes agreed hazard classifications and communication provisions with explanatory information on how to apply the system

international madnate

adopted in 1992 united nations conference on environment and development (aka "earth summit"

what is the "earth summit" recognized for

recognized that an internationally harmonized approach to classification and labeling would provide the foundation for all countries to develop comprehensive national programs to ensure the safe use of chemicals

HazCom/GHS history

osha revised the hazard communication standards aligning with GHS. rule effective 60 days after publication in federal register. this estimated to prevent 43 fatalities and 521 injuries and illnesses annually

GHS physical hazards has how many classes

16

GHS health hazards has how many classes

10

GHS environmental hazard has how many classes

3

what are some GHS physical hazards

explosives, flammable gases, flammable aerosols, oxidizing gases, gases under pressure, flammable liquids, flammable solids, self-reactive substances, pyrophoric liquids and solids, self-heating substances, oxidizing liquids and solids, organic peroxides, corrosive metals

what are some GHS heath hazards

acute toxicity, skin corrosion/irritation, serious eye damage/irritation, respiratory or skin sensitization, germ cell mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity

what are some GHS environmental hazrds

hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute aquatic toxicity and chronic aquatic toxicity (bioaccumulation potential and rapid degradability)

GHS hazard communication

once a chemical has been classified, the hazard must be communicate to target audiences. labels and safety data sheets are the main tools for chemical hazard communication

GHS labeling elements

product identifier

signal word

hazard statment

pictograms

precautionary statement

name address and telephone number of chemical manufacturer

signal words

danger or warning are used to emphasize hazards and indicate the relative level of severity of the hazard, assigned to the GHS hazard class and category

danger

more severe hazard

warning

less severe hazard

hazard statments

standardized and assigned phrases that describe the hazard as determined by hazard classification

hazard statement examples

"causes eye irritation"

"toxic if inhaled"

"flammable aerosol"

"may cause respiratory irritation"

"harmful to aquatic life"

symbols/pictograms

convey health, physical and environmental hazard information, assigned to the GHS hazard class and category. GHS symbols have been incorporated into pictograms for use on the GHS labels. pictograms will have a black symbol on which background with red diamond frame

precautionary statements

are standardized explanations of the measures to be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects: prevention, response, storage, disposal

prevention

"wear protective gloves"

response

"if inhaled remove person to fresh air"

storage

"store in well ventilated place"

disposal

"waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state, and local environmental control regulations"

purpose of SDS

provide information regarding the hazards of a product

content organization of SDS

OSHa mandated forma. 16 different designated sections (not all are mandatory)

sections potentially important to IH for SDS

section 2-hazard ID

section 4-first aid measures

section 8-exposure control/personal protection

section 11-toxicological information

section 1 sds

identification

section 2 sds

hazard identification

section 3 sds

composition/information on ingredients

section 4 sds

first aid measures (*oute of exposure)

section 5 sds

fire-fighting measures

section 2 target organ system definition

the "part" of the body negatively affected by the substance

section 2 target organ systems

respiratory, nervous, GI, renal, hematopoietic, hepatic, and immune systems

section 4 terminology of interests

"route of exposure"

section 4 potential routes of exposure

inhalation, contact, absorption, ingestion, injection

section 6 sds

accidental release measures

section 7 sds

handling and storage

section 8

exposure controls/personal protection (occupational exposure limits)

section 9

physical and chemical properties

section 10

stability and reactivity

section 11

toxicological information (adverse health effects, symptoms of exposure.

section 8 engineering controls

ventilation and enclosure or isolation

section 8 PPE

respiratory, skin, and eye protection

section 8 exposure limits and recommendations

osha exposure limits

OEL (occupational exposure limits) purpose

establish legal limits and provide recommendations

OEL classificaiton

legal limits like osha exposure limit and consensus or recommended exposure levels like ACGIH, AIHA, etc.

section 11 covers numerous health topics like

route of exposure, potential health effects, measures of toxicity, symptoms of exposure, carcinogen status.

workplace routes of exposure

inhalation, contact, absorption, ingestion, injection

potential health effects-time for effect onset

delayed effects, immediate effects, chronic effects

potential health effects-exposure time

short-term/acute exposure and long-term/chronic exposure

acute health effects

adverse heath effects that occur quickly after a significant exposure

significance of adverse health effects

insignificant or minor, serious but treatable, death or life altering outcomes

chronic health hazards

an adverse health effect resulting from a long-term exposure to a substance

significance of exposure to chronic health hazards

permanent adverse conditions like reduced lung capacities, hypersensitivity, chemically-induced asthma

and serious illnesses like cancers significant pneumoconiosis

measures of toxicity

terminology often associated with toxicity studies

leathal dose 50

measure of tox. it evaluates lethality

immediately dangerous to life and health

dangerous atmospheric concentrations from

measures of toxicity.

symptoms of exposure

indications of an exposure. some examples would be eye nose throat mucus membrane irritation, nausea, dizziness, light headedness, metallic taste in mouth, tingling of lips or mouth, unconsciousness, tremors, etc.

carcinogen status of OSHA reporting requirements

0.1% or greater

29 CFR 1910.1003

13 carcinogens

carcinogen designation

international agency for research on cancer (IARC) and American conference of governmental industrial hygienist (ACGIH)

non-mandatory sections of SDS

section 12-16

section 12 sds

ecological information

section 13 sds

disposal considerations

section 14 sds

transportation information

section 15 sds

regulation information

section 16 sds

other information

what does haz com stand for

hazardous material labeling program

general info on haz com

all hazardous material must be labeled. all materials received from suppliers are required to and expected to have labels that comply with GSH requirements.

what is national fire protection association (NFPA)

four color diamond that is commonly used to depict hazard types and degree of hazards. these labels are not GHS acceptable

blue on NFPA

health hazard

red on NFPA

fire hazard

yellow on NFPA

reactivity

white on NFPA

other hazards or special handling

what does the number scale mean for NFPA?

0= no hazard

4= extreme hazard

DOTD placards--two types

united nations numbers

north american numbers

united nations numbers for DOTD placards

united nations committee of experts on the transport of dangerous goods. usually 4-digit numbers.

ex: UN1710

north american numbers

united states department of transportation. usually 4 digit numbers.

ex: NA1710

occupational exposure of chemicals are

industry specific like glass, steel forest products, plastics and rubber. some similarities would be in maintenance shops

Are adverse health effects the same throughout solids, liquids, and air contaminants?

yes

dermal exposure can result in a large variety of what?

occupational diseases and disorders

-occupational skin diseases and systemic toxicity