CLP CH5

Anxiety

A mood state characterized by marked negative affect and bodily symptoms of tension in which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune.

Fear

The emotion of an immediate alarm reaction to present danger or life-threatening emergencies.

Panic

Sudden, overwhelming fright or terror.

Panic attack

Abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by a number of physical symptoms, such as dizziness or heart palpitations.

Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)

Brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety.

The BIS activates by signals that arise from the ___

brainstem

fight/flight system (FFS)

Brain circuit in animals that when stimulated causes an immediate alarm and escape response resembling human panic.

Jeffrey Gray

Psychologist known for his work on the behavioral inhibition system and the fight/flight system in anxiety.

The primary neurotransmitter that activates during the "fight or flight" response is ___.

norepinephrine

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety disorder characterized by intense, uncontrollable, unfocused, chronic, and continuous worry that is distressing and unproductive, accompanied by physical symptoms of tenseness, irritability, and restlessness.

About __ as many women than men have generalized anxiety disorder.

twice

Fear activates in the

amygdala

The area of the brain most often associated with anxiety is the ___ which acts as a mediator between the brain stem and the cortex.

limbic system

panic disorder (PD)

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks accompanied by concern about future attacks and/or a lifestyle change to avoid future attacks.

agoraphobia

Anxiety disorder characterized by anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult in the event of panic symptoms or other unpleasant physical symptoms (e.g., incontinence).

__% or more of those who suffer from agoraphobia are women.

75%

Separation anxiety

what a child might feel at the threat of separation or on actual separation from an important caregiver, such as a parent.

Panic control treatment (PCT)

Highly effective cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic attacks, involving gradual exposure to feared somatic sensations and modification of perceptions and attitudes about them.

Panic disorder medications such as benzodiazepines yield __ relapse rates after discontinuation of medication

high

About __% of the population meets the criteria for panic disorder at some point in life.

3.5

specific phobia

Unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with daily life functioning.

blood–injection–injury phobias

Unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood, injury, or the possibility of an injection. Victims experience fainting and a drop in blood pressure.

The average onset for blood-injection-injury phobias is

9 years old

situational phobias

An anxiety involving enclosed places (for example, claustrophobia) or public transportation (for example, fear of flying).

natural environment phobias

Fear of situations or events in nature, especially heights, storms, and water.

animal phobias

Unreasonable, enduring fear of animals or insects that usually develops early in life.

social anxiety disorder (SAD)

Extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations.

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them.