imperialism

imperialism

one country has power over another country both politically and economically

idea of conquering a country

background of imperialism

many european countries became aggressive when it came to conquering countries and continents like southeast asia, china and africa

colonialism

method of conquering a country

colony

the conquered is under the colonizers rule but are not citizens of that country

area ruled by a foreign government

protectorate

given economic leniency/dependance but the kings/monarch yield to the colonizer country

duns own daily affairs but is controlled by an imperialist nation

controlled for protection of the colonizer, more control of colony

sphere of influence

china

area where imperialist nation has exclusive economic rights

all countries that colonized china made it helpless & vulnerable

had control over prosperous ports and controlled trade in that region

economic

need for raw materials for projects

political

desire to prove how great their country is with the number of countries conquered; bragging rights

military

improve a country’s security

armies of the colony can be used for the colonizer’s own protection and army

cultural

social darwinism - strong must conquer the weak

scramble for africa

european powers took slaves to be their workers

agreed which countries could take and conquered each territory

only 3 countries remained unconquered

india

jewel of the british crown

british rule of _____ seperated the country

controlled their port areas

the white man’s burden

by rudyard kipling

poem abt philippine-american war that exhorts the us to assume colonial control of the filipino people and their country

white going out of their way to fix the ‘barbarians’ from their ignorance

damn

suez canal

egyptian president spent too much building this and britain obtained a share on it to help them with loans

lead to interest in the continent

shortens the journey from britain to asia

european interest in africa (sfa)

was rich in raw materials and gold

british were not interested at first bc of diseases and difficult rivers

david livingston was believed to go missing so they made an expedition to find him led by henry stanley

he found resources in the congo river on the way

belgium commissioned him to buy land and conquer

created environmental destruction due to sap collection and rubber plants

berlin conference

germany invited 14 european nations to meet and to divide africa

divided with little thought of how african ethnic/linguistic groups were distributed

no african rulers attended this meeting

many tribes did not like each other and bc they were forced together they caused disputes

china

middle kingdom

everyone who isnt _______ is a barbarian

were not interested in conquering other countries

rich in resources and isolated so did not need to trade, but exported goods for bragging rights bc of their high quality products

strict limits on foreign traders

british bought lots of tea; made a trade deficit for foreigners bc only they were buying and no one was trading

1793

british requested for increased trading rights

emperor qianlong refused bc they didnt have anything they wanted

opium war

britain used opium (medicine from india) and made it into a drug

traded it for tea, got citizens addicted to it

made the government ban the product, british didnt listen

chinese ppl burned and confiscated opium, arrested british merchants and executed them

1893 - war with china (china lost)

nanjing treaty

bc china lost to britain, forced them to give up to western powers

unequal treaties

britain was given payment for war & hong kong

british citizens living in china were given extraterritoriality, lived under british law in china

first sino-japanese war

had to give up areas of china to britain

china vs japan, china lost bc of inferior weapons

war over influence in korea, japan won and gained taiwan

china’ weakness was their lack of urbanization and modernization

western powers carved out spheres of influence along chinese coast

open door policy

everyone has access to china but no full control

chinese emperor still has some control

1899 - americans called for a policy to keep chinese trade open to all western powers on an equal basis

japan

only asian imperialist country bc they were very modern

used to be isolated, opened their ports to us

_____ and us traded peacefully

learned how to industrialize from gb, army from germany, and school from us

_____ vs russia - _ won, able to annex korea

europeans became scared bc they suddenly became an imperialist power, let japan be