Microbiology Buzzwords-COMLEX

Food poisoning from a picnic or potato salad

S. aureus

most common cause of osteomyelitis (general population)

S. aureus

most common cause of osteomyelitis with prosthetic joints

S. epidermidis

most common cause of osteomyelitis in young sexually active

N. gonnorheae

most common cause of osteomyelitis from a cat or dog bite

Pasturella multicodia

most common cause of osteomyelitis in diabetics

pseduomonas

most common cause of osteomyelitis sickle cell patients

salmonella

osteomyelitis in vertebral bodies

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Pott's Disease)

Most common cause of:

-Meningitis

-Otitis Media

-Pneumonia

-Sinusitis

S. pneumoniae

"rusty sputum"

S. pneumoniae

associated with dental caries/ oral surgery

S. viridans

sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue, circumoral pallor

Scarlett Fever= S. Pyogenes

pseudomembranous pharyngitis with gray/white exudates + myocarditis

Corneybacterium diphtheriae

myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolytic anemia

C. perfingens

"floppy baby syndrome", torticollis- canned food, honey

C. botulinum

pseduomembranous colitis, PMH of recent ABX (clindamycin or ampicillin)

C. difficile

boil like lesion with black eschar

Anthrax

handling wool or hides

Anthrax

reheated rice syndrome

B. cereus

unpasteurized dairy products and deli meats

Listeria

"tumbling motility"

Listeria

Acid fast, sulfur granules, oral/facial abscess

Actinomyces

caseous necrosis, pulmonary infection, hemoptysis

Tuberculosis

GHON complex in mid/lower zone of lung

Primary TB

Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe

Secondary TB

armadillos + "glove and stocking loss of sensation"

Leprosy (Hansen Disease)

causes Fitz-Hugh Curtis Syndrome

N. Gonorrhoeae

can cause Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome

N. Meningitis

drooling, thumbprint sign, stridor, grows on chocolate agar

H. influenzae (epiglottis)

seal like or barking cough, stridor

Parainfluzena virus (CROUP)

"air conditioning units, outbreak on a ship/nursing home"; pneumonia + fever + flu-like + GI symptoms

Legionella (Legionaries disease)

--urine antigen

-charcoal agar

pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

"hot tub folliculitis"

Pseduomonas aeruginosa

rapidly progessive necrotic cutaneous lesion

ecthyma gangrenosum- Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Burn victims

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

lobar penumonia in alcoholics and diabetics

Klebsiella

red current jelly sputum

Klebsiella

typhoid fever: rose spots on abdomen, fever, HA, diarrhea; can remain in gallbladder

Salmonella typhi

Gulllian Barre Syndrome

Camplyobacter jejuni

rice water diarrhea

Vibrio cholerae

pet/puppy feces

Yersinia enterocolitica

Gastritis and Peptic Ulcers

H. pylori

"surfers in Hawaii and in the tropics"- water contaminated with animal urine

Leptospira interrogans

Jarish Herxheimer reaction

Leptospira interrogans

contaminated seafood

Vibrio Vulnifcans

Borrelia Burgdoreferi

transmitted by Ixodes tick

-lyme disease

Bilaterally Bell's palsy

Lyme Disease

saber shins, saddle nose, CN VIII deafness, Hutchinson teeth, mulberry molars

Congenital Syphillis

cat scratch

Bartonella Henselae

Louse

Borrelia recurrentis

unpasturized dairy

Brucella

parrots, birds, etc.

Chlamydophlia psittaci

Q-Fever: cattle, sheep, amniotic fluid; think VETS.

Coxiella burnetii

Ehrlichia chaffeensis + white tailed deer; Arkansas and Missouri

Lone Star ticks (Amblyomma americanum)

Ticks, rabbits, deer fly--think rabbit hunters

Franscisella tularensis (tularemia)

animal bites (cats/dogs)

Pasturella multicodia

Rocky Mountain Spotted fever- South Atlantic States= Carolinas. Rash starts at wrist and ankles and then spreads trunk, palms, and soles

Dermacentor Ticks-Rickettsia rickettsii

Yersnia Pestis

plague/rats/fleas/ prairie dogs

Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys. Caves/Splunking. Bird and Bat droppings

Histoplasmosis

Tx: fluconazole or itraconazole

East of Mississippi River, Central America. "Broad Base Budding" Di-morphic appearing cells

Blastomycosis

Southwestern United States, California, desserts, recent earthquakes; San Joaquin Fever, sandstorms, Desert bumps (erythema nodosum"

Coccidiomycosis

Latin America; steering wheel appearance on slide

Paracoccidioidomycosis

"spaghetti and meatball appearance" hypopigmented patches on the skin during the summer

Tinea versicolor (Malassezia furfur)

immunocompromised, thrush, pseudohyphae, budding yeast, vulvovaginitis

Candida albicans

asthma and cystic fibrosis= my cause bronchiectasis and eosinophilla. "Alfatoxins"; may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. hyphae at 45 degree angles

Apergillus fumigatus

encapsulated, pigeon droppings, saburaud agar, stains with India ink, "soap bubble appearance in brain" Capsular halos on stain

Crytococcus neoformans

DKA, penetrate cribriform plate, Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses. Black necrotic eschar on face. irregular broad hyphae branching at wide angles

Mucor and Rhizopus

Tx: Amphotericin B

Rose gardeners disease, cigar shaped budding yeast

Sporothirx schenckii

foul smelling, fatty diarrhea in campers and hikers (from drinking from streams)

Giardia lamblia

Tx: metronidazole

"anchovy paste exudate" liver abcess; RUQ pain, flask like ulcer

Entamoeba histolytica

severe diarrhea in AIDS, watery diarrhea

Crytosporidium

Brain abscess in HIV-"ring enhancing lesion on CT/MRI"

-cat feces (avoid litter boxes when prego)

TRIAD: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

Toxoplasma gondii

swimming in freshwater lakes; rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

Naegleria fowleri

African sleeping sickness; enlarged lymph nodes, reoccurring fever, somnolent

Trypanosoma Brucei

Cyclic fever, headache, anemia

Malaria (Plasmodium)

-vivax (48hr cycle)

-falciparum (irregular pattern)

-malariae (72 hr cycle)

maltese cross

Babesia--Ixodes tick

biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma

Clonorchis sinesis

brain cysts, seizures

Taneia solium (cysticercosis)

Hematuria, bladder infection

Schistosoma haematobium

Liver (hydatid cysts)

Echinococcus granulosus

Microcytic anemia

ancylostoma, necatar

perianal puritis

enterobius

portal hypertension

Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Diphyllobothrium latum