FUND T2

What is active exercise?

Patient moves joints independently.

Define activities of daily living (ADLs).

Basic self-care tasks such as eating, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, and transferring.

What type of exercise increases heart rate and oxygen intake?

Aerobic exercise.

What does atrophy refer to?

Decrease in the size of a body organ or tissue; wasting away of muscle mass, often due to disuse.

What are contractures?

Permanent shortening of a muscle or joint, often leading to deformity, which can result from immobility.

What is ergonomics?

The science of fitting a workplace to the user's needs to prevent injury and promote efficiency.

What is flaccidity?

Lack of muscle tone; limp.

What is footdrop?

The inability to dorsiflex the foot due to weakness or paralysis of the muscles of the lower leg.

What is a fracture?

A break in the continuity of a bone.

Define instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).

More complex activities necessary for independent living, such as managing finances, preparing meals, and shopping.

What is isokinetic exercise?

Exercise involving muscle contraction with resistance that changes to maintain a constant speed of movement.

Define isometric exercise.

Exercise where muscle length does not change, and the joint angle does not change, even though muscle contraction occurs.

What is isotonic exercise?

Exercise where the muscle length changes, and the joint angle changes through a range of motion.

What is the focus of orthopedics?

The branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones or muscles.

What does paralysis mean?

Loss of ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body.

What is paresis?

A condition of muscular weakness caused by nerve damage or disease; partial paralysis.

What is passive exercise?

Nurse moves joints for patient.

What does range of motion (ROM) measure?

The full movement potential of a joint, usually expressed in degrees of a circle.

What does safe patient handling and mobility (SPHM) involve?

Techniques and equipment used to safely move and transfer patients, minimizing injury risk.

What is spasticity?

A state of increased muscle tone with heightened tendon reflexes.

What do strength and endurance exercises aim to accomplish?

Activities designed to increase muscle power and the ability of muscles to sustain effort over time.

What is stretching exercise?

Activities that lengthen muscles to improve flexibility and range of motion.

What is tonus?

The normal state of balanced muscle tension existing in the body.

Define alopecia.

Hair loss, which can be caused by malnutrition, treatments, or conditions like chemotherapy.

What are caries?

Tooth decay or dental cavities.

Define cerumen.

Earwax.

What is cheilosis?

Dry, cracked corners of the mouth.

What is gingivitis?

Inflammation of the gums, often caused by plaque accumulation.

What does glossitis refer to?

Inflammation of the tongue.

What is halitosis?

Bad breath.

Define pediculosis.

Infestation with lice.

What is periodontitis?

A serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and, without treatment, can destroy the bone that supports your teeth.

What is personal hygiene?

Practices such as bathing, brushing teeth, and general body care that promote health and well-being.

What is plaque?

A sticky, colorless film of bacteria that forms on teeth.

What is stomatitis?

Inflammation of the oral mucosa.

What is tartar?

Hardened plaque that can form on teeth.