Chem 100: Basic Chemistry and the Scientific Method

I recommend using the option of answering with descriptions, do not do descriptions and guess the term. This is a study set for the first portion of Chemistry 100.

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemistry of the periodic table

Inorganic Chemistry

Chemistry of the periodic table

Analytical Chemistry

Chemical Analyses

Biochemistry

Chemistry of living matter in molecular terms.

What are the fundamental building blocks of matter?

Atoms

Can atoms be chemically broken down into smaller compounds?

No

What are the Elementary Particles?

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

What Is a combination of elementary particles called?

Atoms (such as C, N, O, etc)

What is the combination of atoms called?

Molecular Compound (CO, CO², etc…)

What are the 3 states of matter?

Solid, liquid, gas.

Define the state of matter “solid”

Has a definite shape and volume, rigid. Molecules are compact.

Define the state of matter “liquid”

No definite shape but a distinct volume, and assumes the shape of the container.

Define the state of matter “Gas”

No fixed volume or shape and conforms to the volume/shape of a container.

Physical porperties

Those that do not change the basic identity of the substance such as colour and odour.

Chemical Properties

That describe the way a substance may change or react to other substances such as COMBUSTION.

Physical Changes

A substance changes its physical appearance but not its basic identity such as a change of state.

Chemical Changes

A substance is transformed into a chemically different substance such as COMBUSTION of H2 in O2 → H2O

Extensive Properties

Depends on how much matter a sample contains

Intensive Properties

Does NOT depend on amount of matter in sample

Homogeneous

A mixture that is the same throughout Ex. Salt in water

Heterogeneous

A mixture that has different properties in different regions of the mixture (Ex. Sand in water)

Qualitative

Description not including measurements or numbers (Colour, odour, etc..)

Quantitative

Determination of amount of a given substance present in a sample (number & units) (Mass & temperature)

Steps of the scientific method:

1. State problem, collect data/make observations

2. Formulate possible explanation for observation called a hypothesis

3. Perform experiments and continue step 1

Define Law

Summary of observed behaviour

Define Theory

Explanation of behaviour