APUSH Ch 20 vocab

American exceptionalism

American exceptionalism

The idea that the United States has a unique destiny to foster democracy and civilization to the world stage.

Teller Amendment

Amendment to the 1898 US declaration of war against Spain disclaiming any intention by the US to occupy Cuba, Reassured Americans that their country would respect the political independence of other nations.

“Remember the Maine”

The Maine, a ship at Havana Harbor, exploded. News spread that the Spanish placed a mine underwater that caused the explosion. This became a rally cry, and a war was declared against Spain.

Insular Cases

Set of Supreme Court rulings in 1901 that declared that the US Constitution did not automatically extend citizenship to people in acquired territories, only Congress could decide whether to grant citizenship.

“open door” policy

a claim put forth by the US Secretary of State John Hay that all nations seeking to do business in China should have equal trade access.

Panama Canal

Canal across the Isthmus of Panama connecting trade between the Atlantic and Pacific. Built by U.S Army corps of Engineers. Allowed us easy access to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Helped liberate Panama from Columbia before we could start building. Gave US a position in the Western Hemisphere.

Roosevelt Corollary

1904 assertion by Roosevelt that the US would act as a “policeman” in the Caribbean region and intervene in the affairs of the nations that were guilty of wrongdoing or impotence or interference to protect American interests. Turned the Monroe Doctrine upside down, as it just asserted the US's right to regulate Caribbean affairs.

Zimmermann telegram

1917 intercepted dispatch in which German foreign secretary Zimmermann urged Mexico to join central powers and promised that if the US joined the war, Germany would help Mexico recover Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Published in American newspapers and outrages the public…moving them to support US entry in the war on the Allied side.

War Industries Board

Federal board established in July 1917 to direct military production, including allocation of resources, conversion of factories to war production, and setting of prices.

Committee on Public Information

an independent agency of the government of the United States under the Wilson administration created to influence public opinion to support the US in World War I, in particular, the US home front

Sedition Act of 1918

Wartime law that prohibited any words or behavior that might promote resistance to the US or help in the cause of its enemies.

Great Migration

The Migration of more than 400,000 African Americans from the rural South to the industrial cities of the North during and after WWI. Although they faces discrimination, conditions were still better than the South.

Fourteen Points

Principles for a new world proposed in 1919 by Wilson as a basis for peace negotiation at Versailles. Among them were open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, free trade, territorial integrity, arms reduction, national self-determination, and creation of the League of Nations.

League of Nations

International organization of nations to prevent future hostiles, proposed by Woodrow Wilson in the aftermath of WWI. Formed, but the US never joined. After they outlawed war, they could only take economic sanctions against other countries and ultimately failed, leading to WWII.

Treaty of Versailles

1919 treaty that ended WWI. The agreement redrew the world map, assigned Germany sole responsibility for the war, and saddled it with a debt of $33 bil in war damages. Catastrophic long-term impact around the world………..leading to WWII

Theodore Roosevelt

The 26th president of the United States, T.R. was one of the most popular to ever hold office. This Republican greatly expanded the powers of the presidency and was the youngest man to ever hold the office of the presidency at 42. Roosevelt had previously been a rancher, the NYC police commissioner, assistant Secretary of the Navy, and the commandeer of the Rough Riders, leading them in a heroic charge during the Battle of San Juan Hill as part of the Spanish-American War. As president, he was a champion of moderate reform and believed in the regulation of trusts. He ordered the breaking up of the Northern Securities Company through the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Herbert Hoover

Leg and engineered the Food Administration. With the slogan “Food will win the war” he convinced farmers to nearly double their grain production, allowing food exports to Europe. Became very admired (later president and literally sucked during great depression)

Alice Paul

Quaker who worked in the settlement movement. Earned PhD in political science. Founded National Woman’s party in 1916. The group began to picket the White House. Advocated for Equal Rights Amendment.

Queen Liliuokalani

Hawaii monarch who made known her frustration with US treaties. The last reigning queen of Hawaii. She insisted that native Hawaiians should control the Islands while American planters renewed their efforts to secure the annexation of Hawaii to the United States.

Woodrow Wilson

The Democratic representative in the presidential elections of 1912 and 1916. He was elected into the presidency as a minority president. He was born in Virginia and was raised in a very religious family. He was widely known for his political sermons. He made the 14 points……………proposed League of Nations???

Lusitania

On May 7, 1915, the German submarine (U-boat) U-20 torpedoed and sank this, a swift-moving British cruise liner traveling from New York to Liverpool, England. Of the 1,959 men, women, and children on board, 1,195 perished, including 123 Americans.

Influenza of 1919 (Spanish Flu)

Global outbreak of a deadly type of flu. The movement of soldiers during WWI helped to spread the virus. 20-40% of people in the world are estimated to have become ill with the virus that attacked the young and healthy as well the weak. People sometimes felt fine in the morning and were dead by night. An estimated 675,000 people died in the U.S. and 50 million worldwide.

World War I (The Great War)

European war in which an alliance including Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States defeated the alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria. President Wilson believed that it was the "war to end all wars." lol wrong

Spanish-American War (War of 1898)

a conflict fought between Spain and the United States in 1898. The war was sparked by the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor and the desire of the U.S. to expand its influence in the Caribbean and Pacific.

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically. Because of the resources made available by imperialism, the world's economy grew significantly and became much more interconnected in the decades before World War I, making the many imperial powers rich and prosperous.

rationing

?????????????setting limits of purchasing high-demand items………….to ensure fair distribution of scarce items?

Platt Amendment

1902 amendment to the Cuban constitution that blocked Cuba from making a treaty with any country except the US and gave the US the right to intervene in Cuban affairs. The amendment was a condition for US withdrawal from the newly independent island.