Biomed - Semester 1 Exam Review

What happens at the 1st stage of the experimental design process?

Identify the question, Ask - what do we want to answer?, Ask a testable question

What happens at the 2nd stage of the experimental design process?

Making a prediction, Hypothesis, ask If - Then - Because

What happens at the 3rd stage of the experimental design process?

Design an experiment, define controls, plan all aspects of the data collection in the experiment.

What happens at the 4th stage of the experimental design process?

Conduct the experiment, collect relevant data

What happens at the 5th stage of the experimental design process?

Analyze data, look for trends and averages

What happens at the 6th & final stage of the experimental design process?

Communicate findings, share results, explain experiment results

What does a loop fingerprint look like?

An open oval/circle

What does a whorl fingerprint look like?

A spiral shape

What does a Arch fingerprint look like?

A raised, triangular shape

What does a tented arch fingerprint look like?

Bunch of triangles, closed in arch

Where is the cuticle of a hair?

Outermost pair of hair

Where is the cortex of a hair?

Between cuticle and medulla, middle part of hair

Where is the medulla of a hair?

Innermost part of hair

Where is the root of a hair?

embedded in skin, opposite end from shaft

Where is the shaft of a hair?

above the skin

What part of blood are Erythrocytes?

The red cells, oxygen carriers

What part of blood is the Plasma?

fluid holding the rest of bloods components

What part of blood are Leukocytes?

the white cells, part of the immune system

What part of blood (Erythrocytes, Plasma, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes) contains DNA?

Leukocytes

What part of blood are Thrombocytes?

Platelets, they clot and form scabs

What part of blood (Erythrocytes, Plasma, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes) contains the Hemoglobin?

Erythrocytes, allows them to carry oxygen

If someone has O type blood, what Antibodies would they have?

A and B antibodies

If someone has O type blood, what Antigens would they have?

None

What are antigens in blood?

the proteins on the outside of the red blood cell that stimulate a immune response

What are antibodies in blood?

the free floating proteins in the plasma, they attack foreign substances in blood

What part of blood, Antibodies or Antigens, corresponds with the letter in the name of each blood type?

Antigens (A blood has A antigens, AB has AB antigens, etc)

What part of blood, Antibodies or Antigens, does AB type blood have none of?

Antibodies

What post mortem stage begins immediately after death?

Algor Mortis

What post mortem stage begins approx. 30 minutes after death, but continues till around 8-10 hrs after death?

Livor Mortis

What post mortem stage isn't present until approx. 2-4 hrs after death?

Corneal Clouding

What post mortem stage has completed at around 24 hrs after death, depending on the enviroment?

Algor Mortis, body reaches ambient temp

What post mortem stage begins to fade after approx. 36-48 hrs?

Rigor Mortis

What post mortem stage starts after about 2 days?

Decomposition, Insects

When a part of the heart begins with pulmonary, what does that mean?

That part of the heart has something to do with the lungs, either going to or from lungs.

When a part of the heart is an artery, what does that mean?

it means that blood is being carried away from the heart through them

When a part of the heart is a vein, what does that mean?

It means that blood is being carried to the heart through them

What do the Right and Left Atria do?

receive blood returning to the heart

After being oxygenated at the lungs, where does the blood go?

Carried back to the heart through pulmonary veins, to left atrium.

Is "accidental" a cause, manner, or mechanism of death?

a manner of death

If a person dies after being shot, what is their cause of death?

gunshot, gunshot wound

If a person dies after being shot, what is likely their mechanism of death?

exsangination, blood loss

What effect of death on the body is used with the Glaister equation to estimate time since death?

Algor Mortis

If a person dies in a 85 degree (F) environment, will their body cool slower or faster than average?

Slower, because there is less difference in temp from the body to the environment.

What are organs made of?

Tissues

What makes up body tissues?

Cells

What part of DNA does the "D' in the name stand for?

Deoxyribose sugar, the sugar

What part of DNA has specific squences to encode genetic information?

The Nitrogenous bases, A-T, G-C

Where are the hydrogen bonds located in a DNA molecule?

between bases

What makes up DNA's "backbone"?

Phosphates & sugars

Where in a cell is DNA always found? (in Eukaryotic cells)

The Nucleus

Why does DNA (sometimes) form Chromosomes?

To organize it, to condense it

What is the role of the Musculatory organ system?

Moves body, produces heat, maintains posture

What is the role of the Nervous organ system?

Responding to stimuli from a person's environment

What is the role of the Cardiovascular organ system?

pumping blood, providing oxygen to all cells, moving nutrients and carbon dioxide.

What is the role of the Integumentary organ system?

protection, helps to regulate the body's temperature

What is the role of the Reproductive organ system?

to make and transport gametes for reproduction

What is the role of the Endocrine organ system?

Secretes hormones for growth, reproduction, metabolism, and other functions.

What is the role of the Respiratory organ system?

supplies blood with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide

What is the role of the Lymphatic organ system?

filters fluid in body, attacks foreign substances

What is the role of the Urinary organ system?

get rid of waste, regulates water balance in blood

What is the role of the Digestive organ system?

breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and expells waste.

What is the role of the Skeletal organ system?

stores calcium, supports and protects body, framework for muscles and movement.

Why might toxicology be useful in fields outside of forensics?

Treating disease, treating overdoses, etc.

Algor mortis

"Coldness of death"

Rigor mortis

"Stiffness of death"

Liver mortis/lividity

"Blue color of death"

Corneal clouding

Eyes cloud over after about 2 hours

TBI

Traumatic brain injury, one major event/injury

Presumptive testing

Testing to indicate a substance is present

Confirmatory testing

Testing to identify the exact identity/composition of a substance

Remote patient monitoring (REM)

Internet health visits, can be beneficial to people who are unable to go to in-person health professionals

Type one diabetes

The pancreas is unable to make insulin

Type 2 diabetes

Cells become insulin resistant because of constant high blood glucose levels

Bread board

The board with holes that you can build electrical circuits on

MOSFET

Can switch or amplify voltage in circuits

Resistor

The "brakes" of a circuit, apply friction to an electrical current

Potentiometer

Used to achieve a variable voltage from a fixed-voltage source

Jump wire

Connects pieces of an electric circuit

Bromothymol blue

A pH indicator of around 6.0-7.8