RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING FOR DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING - Fill in the Blank Flashcards

Flashcards cover central ray and image receptor basics, projections, planes, body positions, decubitus, position vs. projection, and common radiographic rules.

Central Ray

the imaginary line in the middle of the X-ray beam spectrum.

image receptor

The is the device that receives the energy of the X-ray beam as it passes through the body and formulates an image.

anatomic position

Patients should always be in

Anterior

front

posterior

back

Coronal (Frontal) plane

anterior; posterior

Axial (Horizontal) (Transverse) plane

superior; inferior; slice

Sagittal (Longitudinal) plane

left and right

Median (Midsagittal) plane

equal

AP projection

CR enters anterior and exits posterior of part/body

PA

CR enters posterior and exits anterior surface of part/body

Oblique

angled stance where neither sagittal not coronal plane is perpendicular to IR

Position and projection are .

opposite

SID

distance between the X-ray tube (source) and the image receptor

OID

distance between the and the image recepto object (the body)

Axial projection

central ray angled more than 10 degrees along the long axis of the body.

A tangential projection

directs the central ray to the outer margin of a curved surface to a body part just under the skin and project it to the IR.

Decubitus positions

patient is laying down and central ray is horizontal and parallel to the floor

the three primary decubitus positions are .

Lateral Decubitus, Dorsal Decubitus, Ventral Decubitus

Dorsal decubitus means lying on the surface.

back

Ventral decubitus means lying on the surface.

stomach

lateral projection

CR enters lateral surface and exits to the opposite lateral surface part/ body; side to side projection

A typical radiographic study requires a minimum of projections.

two

When a joint is in prime interest area, a minimum of projections is required.

three

In anatomic position the patient is facing you, and their right will appear on you

left

For hands and feet, digits are always orientated

up

Evaluation criteria

Positioning; exposure factors, all pertaining anatomy

positioning rules exceptions

post-reduction upper and lower limbs; pelvis study projection unless a hip injury is suspected; abdomen (KUB)

Position

placement of body (part) in relation to IR. or The body (part) as seen by the IR

Projection

path of the central ray as it enters and exits the body; path of the central ray as it excited the x-ray tube and goes through the patient to the IR

How much projections are required

two

exam

shot

procedure

ongoing and dynamic

recumbent

laying down

How can a patient be viewed in recumbent

dorsal, ventral, lateral

radiographer

HC professional that does diagnostic imaging and radiation therapies

A.L.A.R.A

As low as reasonable achievable

What does alara do

avoid radiation exposure that doesnt serve a direct need or benefits exam

In ALARA what are the fundemental principles

Time, distance, sheilding

Interaction with patient

explain procedure; let patient do as much as possible

dressing patient

No metals or thick plastic

Motion control

image is blurry or has loss of significant fine

Stopping motion control

use tape, sponges, stands

gondal shielding

shielding patients for all exams thats not pelvis and abdomen

collimators

adjustable filter in x-ray tube controlling field size

Must haves in a picture

date, name or ID number, Maker, industry ID

4 quadrents of the abdomen

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

Nine regions of the abdomen

R hypochondrium, epigastric, L hypochondrium , R lumbar, umbilical, L lumbar, R iliac, hypogastric, L iliac

4 types of body habitus

important bc it may change positioning

build: massive

abdomen: long

Thorax: short, broad, deep

pelvis: narrow

5% hyperstheic

build: moderately heavy

abdomen: moderately long

thorax: moderately short, broad and deep

pelvis: relatively small

50% sthenic

intermediate between asthenic and sthenic; most difficult to classify

35% hyposthenic

build: frail

abdomen: short

thorax: long, shallow

pelvis: wide

10% Asthenic

proximal

towards center of body

distal

away from center of body

planter

sole of feet (posterior)

dorsum

top of feet (anterior)

AP hand

palm of hand

PA hand

back of hand

Another name for PA hand

dorsum

AP oblique

CR enters anteriorly and exits posteriorly to rotated part/body

PA oblique

enters posteriorly and exits anteriorly to rotated part/body

AP axial

angled CR enters anteriorly and exits posteriorly

PA axial

angled CR enters posteriorly and exits anteriorly

AP axial oblique

Angled CR enters anteriorly and exits posteriorly to rotated part/body

PA axial oblique

angled CR enters posteriorly and exits anteriorly to rotated oblique part/body