Federlism-Government

federal system

A government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state governments

confederate system

A system of government with a very weak central government and strong state government

unitary system

System of government in which all power is given to the national government

Amendment Process

national gov proposes amendment, and state gov ratifies it

enumerated/express powers

The powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution.

implied powers

Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution

reserved powers

Powers given to the state government alone

concurrent powers

Powers shared between the national and state governments.

Denied Powers

Powers which the constitution prohibits to the national and state governments

Supremacy Clause

Federal law is supreme over state law

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)

of the Constitution that gives Congress the power to do whatever it deems necessary and constitutional to meet its enumerated obligations; the basis for the implied powers.

Elastic Cluase

The constitutional provision that Congress shall make all laws that are "necessary and proper" for executing their powers, which has been used to expand its authority; also known as the "necessary and proper" clause.

10th Amedment

Powers reserved to the state

McCulloch v. Maryland(1819)

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law(created national bank)

Gibbons v. Ogden(1824)

The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.(disputed shipping in New York)

Commerce Clause

The clause in the Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations.

Gun Free Zone Act- United States v. Lopez(1995)

the federal government cannot base a law prohibiting gun possession near schools on the Commerce Clause.(struck as unconstitutional)

violence against women act-United States V. Morrison(1994)

was unconstitutional because they exceeded the powers granted to Congress under the Commerce Clause and the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution

Marijuana laws - Gonzales v. Raich(2005)

Congress may criminalize the production and use of homegrown cannabis even if state law allows its use for medicinal purposes.

Dual Federalism(layered cake)

A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.

Cooperative Federalism(marble cake)

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly.

New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

Mandates

terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants

unfunded mandates

Programs that the Federal government requires States to implement without Federal funding.

fiscal federalism (carrot and stick)

Federal government using money (grants) to influence & control states.

Block Grants

Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services

categorical grants

Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport

matching grants

Programs in which the national government requires recipient governments to provide a certain percentage of the funds needed to implement the programs.

Devolution

the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states

Devil in Devolution

Devolution is the statutory delegation of powers from the central government of a sovereign state to govern at a subnational level, such as a regional or local level. It is a form of administrative decentralization.

Tragedy of the Commons

situation in which people acting individually and in their own interest use up commonly available but limited resources, creating disaster for the entire community

Welfare Reform Act of 1996

This act established the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program in place of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program and tightened Medicaid eligibility requirements. This greatly reduced the width of welfare, and imposed strict employment requirements on the states.