Risk - Bleeding and Shock

Exam 2

Average person has __ pints of blood

10

arterial blood

spurts of blood

bright red

venous

dark red

steady flow

capillary

oozing

red

bodies response to bleeding

blood vessel spasms

clotting

blood vessel spasm

blood vessel constrict on each other to prevent bleeding out

clotting

platelets are responsible for the clotting time — done within 10 minutes

hemophiliac (activate EMS immediately even if minor cut)

a genetic bleeding disorder that prevents clotting

APAIL

Abrasion

Puncture

Avulsion

Incision

Laceration

abrasion

scraping off a layer of skin, superficial

puncture (high risk)

splinter

animal bite

avulsion

tearing away of skin

incision

straight line cut

laceration (high risk)

jagged edged cut

tetanus shot 

every 10 years

5 years if at high risk

cleaning wounds

no antiseptic solutions

saline solution

sterile gauze (clean inside out)

if anything embedded, get it out (wet applicator, dip into wound, roll, lift out)

bad debree — scrub

antibiotic once clean

change dressings

when wet

daily

dirty

sutures

anything more than:

an inch long

1/8 in depth

anything on:

face/head

areas that bend

control bleeding

direct pressure

elevation

ice

pressure point

internal bleeding

results from:

blunt force

penetrating trauma

pelvic or femoral fx

ruptured spleen

could be fatal

S/S of internal bleeding

bruising

painful

tender

rigid

vomiting

coughing up blood

black/blood in stool

can take hours or days to develop

TX for internal bleeding

maintain open airway

monitor ABCDs

check for fracture and splint

if appropriate — treat for shock

maintain body heat (with blanket)

rescue position of nausea & activate EMS

Treating internal bleeding: consumption

do not allow ANY consumptions

vitals should be monitored every __ if unconscious

vitals should be monitored every __ if conscious

5 minutes

15 minutes

nosebleed

caused by injury, disease, activity, temperature extremes

if skull fracture causes a nosebleed

DO NOT stop blood flow

TX

sitting position, leaning forward

pinch nose below nasal bone (no fx)

ice bridge of nose

not stopped within 5 mins — activate EMS

swab nostrils with vaseline

do not pick/blow nose for 2 hours post

shock

circulatory system failure when oxygenated blood is circulated to cells 

hypo-fusion

heart, lungs, and brain are most susceptible

someone can die within __ without oxygen to the brain

4-6 minutes

someone could die within __ without oxygen to abdominal organs

45-90 minutes

someone could die within __ without oxygen to skin

3-6 hours

causes of shock

fluid loss from circulatory system

heart fails to pump blood effectively

blood vessels dilate causing blood to pool

blood supply of O2 is inadequete

influence severity of shock

age

multiple injuries

pre-existing disease

pregnancy

amount of blood loss

compensatory

first stage of shock

body attempt to overcome the decreased tissue fusion

compensatory S/S

restlessness & anxiety

pale, cool, clammy skin

shallow, rapid breathing

progressive

second stage of shock

compensatory mechanisms fail

BP DROPS
organs begin to suffer from lack of perfusion

progressive S/S

DROP IN BP
extreme pale skin

profuse sweating

extreme thirst

complain of nausea

dizziness

altered levels of consciousness

irreverseible

final stage of shock

body organs start to die

irreversible S/S

dull/lusterless eyes

pupils are dilated

shallow breathing

loss of consciousness

death

hemorrhage (distributive)

type of shock

due to blood loss

large amount of bleeding in a short amount of time

could be life threatening

done in primary survey

neurogenic (distributive)

type of shock

spinal cord

TBIs

psychogenic (distributive)

type of shock

fright

blood drains from head to abdomen resulting in fainting

cariogenic (distributive)

type of shock

heart does not pump enough blood to organ requiring (heart attack)

metabolic

type of shock

loss of fluid

insulin shock, diabetic coma

septic (distributive)

type of shock

toxins

severe infections

bacteria; invasion

anaphylactic

type of shock

severe allergic reactions to foreign protein

obstructive

type of shock

blockage of blood floe from clot

treatment for shock

EMS

maintain airway

place victim supine with feet elevated (unless head/spine injury, lower leg injury, heart attack, pregnancy)

control bleeding

cover with blanket

NO liquids

reassess vital

shock prevention

dont wait for signs of shock to develop

check adequate breathing

control bleeding

loosen tight clothes

reassure & stay calm

splint/immobilize fx

relieve pain

anaphylactic shock

severe allergic reaction

can be life threatening

can be life threatening

S/S anaphylactic shock

warm feeling

itching of palms and feet

skin is flush

facial/throat swelling

anxious

possible faint

convulsions

left untreated: death

TX for anaphylactic shock

activate ems

second epipen injection can be done after 15 minutes

Benadryl if no epipen

ting: remove stinger