Photosynthesis and its Interdependence

These flashcards cover the fundamental concepts and processes involved in photosynthesis, including the reactions, products, and key roles of various components.

What is photosynthesis?

The conversion of light energy into chemical energy.

What are the two main types of reactions in photosynthesis?

Light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).

Where do light-dependent reactions occur?

In the thylakoids of chloroplasts.

What is the main product of photosynthesis?

Glucose.

Which process generates oxygen during photosynthesis?

Photolysis of water.

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy and transfers it to excite electrons.

What do light-independent reactions use to produce glucose?

Chemical energy from light-dependent reactions.

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Water + Carbon Dioxide → Glucose + Oxygen.

What are absorption spectra?

Graphs showing the wavelengths of light absorbed by pigments.

What is the function of Rubisco in photosynthesis?

It catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).

How is ATP produced in the light-dependent reactions?

Through chemiosmosis driven by a proton gradient.

What is the significance of the proton gradient in chloroplasts?

It drives ATP synthase to produce ATP.

What is Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE)?

An experiment to study the effects of increased CO2 on plants in natural conditions.

What is the consequence of photolysis on the environment?

It produces oxygen, leading to the Great Oxidation Event.

What happens to the majority of triose phosphate in the Calvin cycle?

It is used to regenerate RuBP.

What role do accessory pigments play in photosynthesis?

They broaden the absorption spectrum and protect chlorophyll from photodamage.

What happens if there is no carbon dioxide available for photosynthesis?

Photosystem II cannot function, impairing the light-dependent reactions.

What is the relationship between light-dependent and light-independent reactions?

They are interdependent; one cannot occur without the products of the other.

What effects do increased light intensity have on photosynthesis?

It increases the rate up to a saturation point, beyond which it can be detrimental.

Why is carbon dioxide an effective source of carbon for photosynthesis?

It is non-polar and small, allowing easy diffusion into plant cells.