Shells II: 3 Hyper-curved Shells & Hypars

Building Technology I Lecture 11/19

The base unit of a 3-pointed hyper-curved shell is composed of a _______

hyper-surface spanning in two directions, which rest on 3 verticles

Hyper-curvature

a surface with a high degree of negative curvature

How do Hyper-curved shells distribute primary loads?

through the section of the shell

for uniformly distributed loads the curvature will be ______

close to spherical (height and widths are more equal in length)

Hyper-Curved Shells Flexibility in Plan

the base unit can tessellate horizontally along straight or curved lines of growth

Hyper-Curved Shells Flexibility in Profile

the range of curvature of both the surface and the edges

Hyper-Curved Shells Visual Affect

lightness, radiating, thinness, tapering

concave hyper-curved shells ______ sound

focus

convex hyper-curved shells ______ sound

diffuse

at a distance from a concave shell’s center, there is ______

an affect of secularity

What does Hypar stand for?

Hyperbolic Paraboloid

Hypars are made of

quadratic, doubly ruled surface

The 3-D geometry of a hypar can be constructed using _______

straight lines

La Jacaranda Nightclub by Felix Candela & Sordo

Church of Army Chapel by Ernest Trevor Spashett

Los Manatiales by Felix Candela and Joaquin Alveraz Ordonez

Lomas de Cuernavaca Chapel by Candela, Rosell, Larrossa

St. Vincent de Paul Chapel by Felix Candela, De la Mora, Lopez Cardona

CNIT building by Robert Camelot, Jean de Mailly, Bernard Zehrfuss, Jean Prouvé

Philips Pavilion (Expo 1958) by Le Corbusier, Iannis Xenakis,

KnitCandela by ETH Zurich, Zaha Hadid Architects

Cosmic Rays Pavilion by Felix Candela

Las Aduanas by Felix Candela

Little Chef Restaurant by Markham Moor

Who is the architect who is most well-known for innovating in hyper-curved shell structures? 

Felix Candela

According to the text, the base unit of a three pointed hyper-curved shell’s geometry will approximate which shape for predominately uniformly distributed loads?

a portion of a sphere

Hypars are _____ , ____ , and _______

Doubly curved, doubly ruled, quadratic

In many of the precedents seen in the text and in lecture, the locations of intersection of the base unit act similarly to the groins we saw in the vaults module. At these locations the section of the structure is often ______ than the material section at the edge. 

thicker

How is Los Manantiales by Candela and Alvarez Ordonez tesslated?

Radially around a center point

The base unit of a three-pointed hyper-curved shell is composed on a hyper-surface spanning in _____ direction which rest on _____ vertices

2, 3