U.S history review seg 1 !

differences between the north and the south (economic causes): North

Industrial center. Rail roads and telegraphs, immigrants instead of slaves, cities and factories, gov tarrifs favorable towards them.

differences between the north and the south (economic causes): South

agricultural rural. Rail roads and telegraphs, immigrants instead of slaves, hated tariffs, supported the nullification theory, limited army, agreed states could seceed.

Missouri compromise

Any state south of 26/30 would be a slave state, wanted to keep a balance between slave and free states and maine was greated out of mass. and admitted as a free state.

california extended north and south of the missouri compromise line

Compromise of 1850

California would be a free state, popular sovereignty would decide newmexico and Utah territories, And the Fugitive slave act was put in place. (Recall what it is.)

Ostend Manifesto

Claimed that america had the right to buy or seize cuba

Kansas Nebraska Act repealed the MIssouri Compromise

Popular sovereignty would determine slave in new territories

Dred scott decision

slaves were not citizens and could not sue, protected by the constitution/

Republican party

Oposed the Kansas nebraska act, wanted to keep slavery out of new territories

Lincoln douglas debates.

election for Illinois state senate, republican Abraham lincoln v, Democrat Steph Douglas, Douglas introduced the freeport doctrine (local governments make laws about slavery in their communities), lincoln won.

John Brown led an attack with slaves are Harpers Ferry VA

He wanted to use the weapons to arm slaves for a revolt and it proved unsuccessful, and he was hanged.

abolitionists

fought for an immediat end to slavery

Frederick Douglas

Was a famous abolitionist who described the horrors of slavery and started the north star

Harriet Beecher Stowe

wrote uncle toms cabin

Soourner truth

argued against slaver and for womes rights

After Lincoln was elected what happened and how much votes electoral votes did he get from the south.

States started conceeding, he got 0 electoral votes from the south, and the confederate states of america was born.

union strategy to win.

capture Virgina Richmond, Control the Mississippi river, block the southern ports.

First battle of the civil war was.

Ft sumpter, Union loss.

Robert E Lee

Confederate commander

Ulysses S grant,

Union commander

Willian Tecumseh Sherman

Union commander also supported total war

SLAVERY WAS NOT THE MAIN REASON FOR WAR it was…

Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union and southern states supported states rights mid way thru the war slavery became the main issue

emancipation procolamation was.

did not end slavery but it announced all slaves in rebellious states free, encouraged slaves to revolt and not provide supplies to the confederacy.

after the civil war the southern and north economy were..

ruined, property values were down and loans could not be repaid. north economy was not bad and the currency still had value.

after the civil war what happened with a minority group.

african americans served in the union army, buffalo soldiers were the first peacetime all black regiment and there was freedom for slaves in the south

Reconstruction was…

the time period after the civil war where the country had to reunite and rebuild itself

Lincoln and Johnson during the reconstruction…

wanted to go easy on the south and move foward

Radical republicans..

wanted to punish the south.

Radicals impeached president Johnson when he started vetoing their reconstruction acts how close was he to getting kicked out!

one vote away.

What did the 13th,14th and 15th amendment do.

13th: abolished slavery, 14th: made former slaves citizens, 15th, gave african AMerican men the right to vote.

election of 1876 rutherford b hayes v samuel tilden

hayes won from congresses “corrupt bargain“

Compromise of 1877

southern democrats agreed to accept hayes if he removed all remaining federal troops form the south and named a southern democrat to his cabinet

plessy v fergusson

seprate but equal+ this led to jim crow laws

black codes

discriminatory laws

literacy tests, poll taces and the grand father clause

stopped african americans from voting.

Great migration

Many african americans tried to move from the south to the north. northerners feared they would takr their jobs.

westward expansion

caused clashes with native ameriacns, forced them to assimilate and set up the reservation system.

Sand creek massacre

Us army attacked the cheyenne living in sand creek

Custers last stand

battle of little big horn nativer americans destoryed thwe entire 7th cavalry

Ghost dance movement

native americans believed a prophecy where they would inherit the earth after

Battle of wounded knee

the end of native american resistance 300 sioux were killed.

Dawes act,

in 1877,

indian schools

forced native american children from their home to day boarding mission schools to assimilate them.

Morrill Land Grant Act

Gave states land to use to build agricultural colleges on or to sell the land to fund the construction of these colleges

Homestead act of 1862 gave individual settlers 160 acres of land to live on and make improvements to

Mechanical harvesters made farming the land easier, but farmers needed to get loans to purchase the supplies needed for cash crops.

the population growth in the 1800s..

increased demand for food but after it lessened the supply became greater than the demand which led to decreases in prices

famers blamed…

railroad operators and grain operators.

The national grange is..

an organization established to help farmers. in various ways

the Farmers alliance…

was similar to the grange it wanted to help farmers supported free silver

William Jennings Bryan

gave a speech where he described the gold standard as a cross on which the people were crucified

The first industrial revolution developments include.

The second industrial revolution developments include…

Thomas Alva Edisonw

lightbulb

Madam C.J walker

beauty products

Elijah McCoy

Steam Engine self Lubricator

Orvile and wilbur wright

first successful powered flight

Samuel Morse and ALfred Vail

more code for the telegaph

George Pullman

Train sleeping car

Alexander Graham Bell

Telephone

Lewis Howard Latimer

Improved the light bulb and was the only african american on edisons team

Sarah E. Goode

Cabinet Bed also the first african american woman to recieve a patent

Granville T woods

Invented a way to send electronic signals to trains witout exposed wires he was african american

George westinghouse

Alternating current

Henry ford

Assembly line that revolutionized production

Garrett Morgan

traffic light significance: less deaths.

Free Market Economy:

no government involvement in the economy

Planned economy

government determines what a countries resources will be used for (communism)

mixed economy

government regulates some key industries of the economy but lets free market principals determine most (US)

Immigration mainly came from the first half of the 1800s in: ____ and in the second half in:

Western Europe, Eastern Europe

Push and pull factors during the 1800s

the gold rush, famine, politics, ethic oppression, politial upheaval

Gentlemens agreement,

Chinese Exclusion act

prohibited immigration from china.

Immigration Act of 1924

REduced the immigration quota for each nationality.

The Knights of Labor (KOL) was formed when and what did it do.

1869

The American Federaton of Labor(AFL) forme when and what.

formed in 1886,

Haymarket Riot

Homestead Strike

Pull Man strike

Urbanization

Caused tenaments overcrowing unsanitary conditions and unsafe cities.

POlitical machines

an organization usually run by a person or small group that controlld enough votes in a ward to maintain control of a city country or state.

whats a muckraker?

A journalist who fought against the corruption of political machines by exposing their activities examples include: Thomas Nast, Ida Tarbell

settlement Houses:

community centers designed to suppoty poor neighborhoods. provided adult education classes, kindergartens and job traiining as well as nursing care for those with no health care acess or hospitals

Social Gospel Movement

believed it was the duty of the religious to help the poor

SOcial darwinism

like Darwins concept of natural; selection it could be applied to social and economic problems.

the womens suffrage movement

resulted in the 19th amendment all genders can vote.

What buisness man-controlled aspects of steel production

Andrew carnegie,

Robber barons are.

people who felt they got rich by exploiting workers.

the Us was focused on ___ during the early 1800s

Isolationism, also they focused on expanding across the continent to the atlantic ocean (Manifest destiny)

Monroe Doctrine

Statement issued by James Monroe that the western hemisphere was off limits to european intervention.

Imperialism

the policy of creating colonies in weaker nations around the world.

What caused a rise in imperialism

Big stick diplomacy

The policy of policing events in foreign countries

Rooselvelt Corollary

policy that the US would intervene in latin american on behalf of european nations if latin american countries could not fuful their arrangements and that it was the presponsibility of the US to preserve or der and protect life and property in those countries (not europe)

Alaska was purchased from russia for only 7.2 million by William Seward people called this:

“Sewards folly” but it ended up being rich in natural resources

Spanish american war

Cubans wanted independence from spain and were supporterd by americans who also fought for their independence from a colonial empire.

what caused the U.S to help

Sinking of the USS Maine and Yellow Journalism. both heated tensions between the US and Spain

teller Amendment

stated that the US could not annex cuba

Platt amendment

Declared cuba would be a sovereign nation and would not give up any land to a foreign nation other than the Sus

the Us took over construction of the Panama canal from whom/

the french