Studied by 67 people
city upon a hill
idea of having a perfect community for others to look up to as a role model
encomienda
spanish forced labor system of non-christian people
slave codes
Restricted black peoples rights to own property and conduct and business buy land, etc.
headright system
To a grant of land, usually 50 acres per immigrant, given to land owners throughout the 13 colonies.
Mercantilism
a belief in the benefits of profitable trading
indentured servitude
forced labor for immigrants for 7 years, at the end promised free land
joint-stock company
a business owned by its investors with each investor owning a share of the company based on the amount they’ve invested
middle passage
a sea journey undertaken by slave ships
praying towns
settlements established by the english to convert native americans to christians
puritanism
behavior or belief that are based on strict morals and religous principles and people should avoid physical pleasures
pre-columbian era
era where the native americans lived before columbus, went across the land bridge to settle in america, before the english and columbus arrived
proprietary colony
a colony that was granted to an individual or a group by the british crown, they have full rights to self govern
king phillips war
native americans last effort to stop english settlement on their native lands
revivalism
encouraging the revival of a religion
solutary englect
british policy of letting the colonies ignore most of the british laws
slavery
a condition in which one human being was owned by another
spanish mission system
catholic missions established by the spanish empire
bacons rebellion
kill all native americans to take over the land
columbian exchange
trade of diseases, goods, food, slaves, trade between africa, america, and england.
great awakening
personal connection with god, instead of relying on a minister
huron confederacy
the huron allied with the french against the brith and iroquois confederacy
pequot war
armed conflict that took place in new england between the pequot tribe and the alliance of the colonists from the MA bay, plymouth, and sabrooke colonies and their allies from the narragansett and mohegan tribes
pueblo revolt
aimed to reclaim pueblo religous practices that the english ripped off of them
salem witch trials
hearing and prosecutions of women accused of witchcraft (103 women)
spanish armada defeat
the english launched 8 fire ships before the wind and tide into the spanish fleet forcing the spanish ships to cut or slip their cables and stand out to sea to avoid catching fire
the “starving time”
the winter of 1609-1610, when food shortages, fracture leadership, and a siege by powhatan indian warriors killes 2 of ever 3 colonists at james fort.
stono uprising
the largest and most significant slave rebellion in the British North American colonies, it revealed tensions that continued in slave states throughout the next century
anne hutchinson
challenged male authority - and indirectly, acceptable gender roles - by preaching to both women and men and by questioning puritan teachings about salvation
bartolome de las casas
an early spanish historian and dominican missionary who was the first to expose the oppression of indigenous peoples by europeans in the americas and to call for the abolition of slavery there
calvinists (group)
god selected a limited number of souls to grant salvation
christopher columbus
known for his 1492 discovery of the new world of the americas on board his ship santa maria
congregationalists (group)
practice congregational polity, which holds that the members of a local church have the right to decide their churchs forms of worship and confessional statements, choose their own officers and administer their own affairs without any outside
conquistadors
exploring areas of the world unknown to europeans, defeating indigenous armies, and then distributing loot and land
george whitefield
founded the methodist movement, most popular preacher of the evangelical revival in great britain and the great awakening in america
john rolfe
secreaty of virginia, with the experiment of planting the first tobacco seeds, also a member of the governors council, married to pocahontas
john smith
known for his role in establishing the virignia colony at jamestown, englands first permanent colony in north america
jonathan edwards
a minister, theologian, and missionary, he had exercised profound influence not only on the thought, culture, and literary life of his own time but on american society to the present.
juan de onate
established the colony of new mexico for spain
maroons
practiced small-scale agriculture and hunting
mestizos
made up the majority of the conscripts in the army; they became artisans, traders, and local officials
metacomet
a wampanoag, became chief after the deaths of his father, as a leader he took the lead in his tribes trade with the colonists
pilgrims
english settlers who travleed to america on the mayflower, established the plymouth colony in plymouth massachusetts
plains tribes
traveled constantly to find food hunted large animals such as bison (buffalo), deer and elk
pocahontas
fostered peace between english colonists and native americans by befriending the settlers at the jamestown colony in virginia and eventually marrying one of them
powhatan confederacy
a powerful alliance of 30 native american nations organized to originally protect agaisnt the nations of the iroqois confederacy
pueblo people
peaceful farmers, herdsmen, basketmakers, and potters
puritans
English Protestants who believed that the reforms of the Church of England did not go far enough
roger williams
founded the colony of providence in present-day rhode island in 1636
separatists
seperate from the perceived corruption of the church of england and form independent local churches
virginia company
bring profit to its shareholders and to establish an english colony in the new world
sir walter raleigh
one of the most famous explorers of elizabeth I’s reign, also a scholar
wampanoags
during the summer they moved to the rivers, ponds, and oceans to plant crops, fish, and gather foods from the forests
zambos
developed as the descendants of a group of African slaves who revolted in 1640 on a slave ship
bering strait
during the ice age the sea level fell by several hundred feet, making the strait into a land bridge between asia and north america
the chesapeake
native american tribe
jamestown
named after thier king, james I, when 104 men and boys arrived in 1607 to start a settlement, they picked jamestown virginia
the lower south
a land of cotton and slavery, a land dominated economically by the plantation agriculture
massachusetts bay colony
an english settlement on the east coast of north america around the massachusetts bay
middle colonies
included pennsylvania, new york, new jersey and delaware, served as an important distribution center in the english mercantile system
new england
the oldest clearly defined region of the us, being settled more than 150 years before the american revolution
act of toleration
ensured religous freedoms to christian settlers of different denominations who settled in maryland
dominion of new england
a group of british colonies in new england that joined together in the 17th century
fundamental orders of connecticut
stated the powers and limits of government
halfway covenant
religous political solution adopted by the 17th century new england congregationalists, also called puritans, that allowed the children of baptized but unconverted church members to be baptized and thus become church members and have political rights
maryland toleration acts
It was the first law in North America to require religious tolerance for Christians, and was the first instance of the separation of church and state in colonial America
mayflower compact
an agreement that bound the signers to obey the government and legal system established in plymouth colony
navigation acts
required all trade between england and the colonies to be carried in english or colonial vessels
Note 
Flashcard (20)