Nutrition

Peristalsis

involuntary muscles that push food through the digestive system.

Liver

produces bile

Gall bladder

stores excess bile

Monosaccharides

cannot be broken down

Disaccharides

two monosaccharides that are chemically combined.

Maltose

glucose + glucose

Lactose

glucose + galactose

Sucrose

glucose + fructose

Simple carbohydrates

can be broken down quickly

Complex carbohydrates

consists of long chains of glucose molecules

Starch

plant based (amalyse and amolypeclin)

Glycogen

animal based (Stored in liver and muscles)

Fiber

harder for the body to break down

soluble fiber

Gel form

peelin and mucilage

Insoluble fibre

adds bulk, cellulore and ilanin

Lipids

Macronutrient 9 calories

CHO

Triglycerides

composed of three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule

Glycerol

3-carbon alcohol

Short chains

less than 6 carbon atoms

medium chains

6 - 12 carbon atoms

long chains

greater than 12 carbon atoms

Saturated fats

single bonds

solid at room temperature

Unsaturated fats

double bonds

liquid at room temperature

Monounsaturated fats

one carbon double bond

Polyunsaturated

more than one carbon double bond

Cis fats

same side of the fatty acid chain

Trans fats

opposite sides of the fatty acid chain

Hydrogenation

turns liquid to semi-solid fats

Essential fatty acids

cannot be made by the body but are required

Phospholipids

composed of two fatty acid molecules attached to one glycerol molecule attached to one phosphate molecule.

Sterols

composed of carbon and hydrogen and form multi-ring structures.

cholesterol

found in animal products

Proteins

macronutrient 4 calories

CHON

Proteins

made up of different amino acids

Amino acids

20

Non essential amino acids

11 of them

our bodies produce them

Essential amino acids

9 of them

our bodies cannot produce them

Vitamins

micronutrient

organic compounds

C+H

Fat soluble

stored in fatty tissue and liver

A,D,E and K

Water soluble

excreted in urine

vitamins B and C

Minerals

micronutriuent

inorganic compounds . They are pure elements

Major minerals

larger amounts

Trace minerals

smaller amounts

Water

70% fraction of your body