Pathology I Final 2025 SG

every path exam

all of the following are types of cells found in the cns except

a. schwann

b. ependymal

c. islet cells

d. endothelial

e. histocytes

islet cells

Which of the following isnt associated with viral meningitis/ encephalitis

a. cmv

b. herpes simplex

c. syphilis

d. rabies

Define the pathogenesis of a prion disease and give an example of one

abnormal forms of cellular protein cause transmissible neurodegenerative disorders

ex creutschfied-jakob

a localized reduction or cessation of blood flow to a defined portion of the brain is called

focal cerebral ischemia

what causes ms

multiple areas of demyelination (plaques) in white matter of brain and spinal cord

concussion refers to ____ and contusion refers to ____

clinical syndrome of altered consciousness secondary to head injury, sudden disruption of neuro fxn

direct parenchymal injury of brain (bruising)

a patient exhibits a unilateral proliferation of blood vessels (vascular nevus) involving the skin of the distribution of the 3rd branch of the trigeminal nerve- what type of disease is this

developmental disease

pts with peuts-jegher syndrome often first present with

a multiple mucosal melanomas

b nevus flamm something

c perioral freckling

d petechial hemorrhage

perioral freckling

most common cause of right sided heart failure

left sided heart failure

which of the following conditions isnt a well established risk factor for breast cancer

birth control

having a child

brca1/2

age 36

having a child

most common benign neoplasm of the breast is

fibroadenoma

what percentage of men develop prostate cancer by the age of 80

70%

glomerulonephritis is usually caused by a retrograde infection in genitourinary tract.

pyelonephritis is an immune complex mediated disease

false, false

what terminology is used to describe invagination of the small intestines into itself leading to necrosis

intussusception

pts with barretts esophagus are at risk of developing what type of malignancy

adenocarcinoma

the oral lesions associated with ulcerative colitis are known as

pyostomatitis vegetans

what terminology used to describe metastasis of an adenocarcinoma to the bilateral ovaries

Krukenberg tumor

what is the average life span of RBC

120 days

what radiographic term can be used to describe both sickle cell anemia and thalassemia

hair on end

sickle cell anemia occurs due to substitution between which 2 amino acids

valine and glutamic acid

pts with plummer vinson syndrome present with which type of anemia

iron deficiency

which anemia considered autoimmune disease

hemolytic anemia (also pernicious anemia)

in a viral infection, which type of wbc is elevated

leukocyte

what immune deficiency is caused by having a pronounced decrease in neutrophils

neutropenia

when presenting with oral manifestation, which leukemia as a predilection for the gingiva

AML

name one medication that impairs ability of platelets to aggregate

aspirin

what hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) among others.

excess secretion of gh after epiphyseal plates have closed results in what abnormality

acromegaly

which specific portion of adrenal gland secretes cortisol

zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex

what is the oral manifestation of MEN 2b

mucosal neuromas

glucagon is secreted by which type of pancreatic cell

alpha cells

is hep a considered std

yes

which of the following does not result from h pylori infection

scc(squamous cell carcinoma)

vomiting of fresh red blood is called

hematemisis

which type of colonic polyp has greatest incidence of undergoing malignant

villous adenoma

philadelphia chromosome is associated with

CML

uterine mass

leiomyoma

bilateral parotid enlargement, dry eyes and mouth

sjogrens syndrome

which presents with granulomatous inflammation

chrons disease

meckel diverticulosis is in what organ

small intestine

carcinoid tumor releases what hormone

serotonin

complete loss of blood supply that leads to necrosis

infarct

which of the following does not result from myocardial infarction

angina

which of the following is not commonly associated with fixed stenosis

necrosis

which of the following is not true about infective endocarditis

most frequently viral

thrombi form on damaged endothelium

bacteremia results in microbial colonization

caused by staphylococcus and streptococcus organisms

viral infection

krukenberg tumor is found in

ovary

is ulcerative colitis granulomatous inflammation

no

chrons disease can present as

oral lesions

thickened intestinal wall

fistula formation

low malignancy

occurs in distal ileum and colon

all of the above

all of the above

ulcerative colitis can present as

pseudopolyps, thin intestinal wall, increased risk of malignancy

which of the following is NOT a sign of neurofibromatosis

neurofibromas

cafe au lait pigments

malignant transformation

lishe nodules

polyp

polyp

a 45 year old female is diagnosed with uterine fibroids, which are examples of

leiomyomas

rhabdomyomas

polycystic disease

fibromas

leiomyomas

all of the following are risk factors for atherosclerosis, except

aneurysm

diabetes

smoking

hypertension

aneurysm

which of the following is not associated with neoplasm

malignancy

growth rate exceeds rest of body

continuous at expense of host

new purposeless growth

malignancy

peutz jegher type of polyps

hamartomatous polyps (benign)

what type of polyps in gardner syndrome

adenomatous polyps (malignant potential)

peri-oral freckling occurs in what syndrome

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

which is the most common gene translocation for chronic myelogenous leukemia

t(9:22)

high risk of cancer in all of the following except

acanthosis nigricans

plummer vinson is not

affects scandinavian european women

iron deficiency anemia

pernicious anemia

esophageal webs

dysphagia

increased risk of scc

pernicious anemia (autoimmune atrophic gastritis)

increased risk of adenocarcinoma

baretts esophagus

meckel diverticulum is a development defect of

small intestine (ileum)

alpha fetoprotein is a marker for

hepatocellular carcinoma

metaplastic transformation of the esophageal squamous epithelium into gastric epithelium (baretts esophagus) is met with an increased risk of

esophageal cancer

gastric carcinoma

esophageal obstruction

esophageal-tracheal fistula

esophageal cancer

an adult male underwent a laparotomy for a perforated sigmoid colon diverticulum. his course was complicated by a wound infection that led to surgical wound dehiscence (opening). the wound granulated in. six weeks later, the wound was only 10% of its original size. which of the following processes best accounts for the decrease in size of the wound

myofibroblast contraction