Inflammation, Infection, and the Use of Antimicrobial Agents

Vocabulary flashcards based on key terms and definitions from the lecture notes.

Penicillin

Inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.

Cephalosporins

Inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall; a class of antibiotics starting with 'cefa'.

Carbapenems

Inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall; all drugs in this class end with 'penem'.

Gentamicin

An aminoglycoside that penetrates bacterial cell walls to inhibit protein synthesis.

Ciprofloxacin

A fluoroquinolone that interferes with bacterial DNA enzyme synthesis.

Tetracycline

Inhibits protein synthesis by penetrating microbial cells; used for long term acne treatment.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, key enzyme in bacterial folic acid synthesis.

Nitrofurantoin

Active only after metabolism by bacterial enzymes, used as an urinary antiseptic.

Erythromycin

Macrolide antibiotic used for respiratory and soft tissue infections.

Azithromycin

Macrolide antibiotic used for respiratory and soft tissue infections; known as z-pack.

Metronidazole

Inhibits protein synthesis by interacting with DNA; used for various infections.

Vancomycin

Alters membrane permeability, inhibiting RNA synthesis; used for serious infections.

Isoniazid

Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis; used for tuberculosis treatment.

Rifampin

Inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase; known for causing orange body secretions.

Acyclovir

Decreases duration of herpes lesions and pain; must stay hydrated during treatment.

Amantadine

Inhibits viral replication; used for flulike symptoms.

Oseltamivir

Inhibits viral replication; used for treatment of flulike symptoms.

Amphotericin B

Binds with ergosterol and disrupts cell membrane; used as an antifungal.

Nystatin

Binds with ergosterol; disrupts cell membrane; used in various routes of administration.

Fluconazole

Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol; disrupts cell membranes.

Permethrin

Works by paralyzing the nervous system of insects; used as a topical scabicide.

Ivermectin

Used for killing targeted parasites; sometimes mistaken for animal use.

Phenytoin

Stabilizes neuronal membranes by delaying influx of sodium ions.

Carbamazepine

Works on sodium channels; may cause ataxia and leukopenia.

Phenobarbital

CNS depressant that inhibits conduction of impulses in reticular activating system.

Diazepam

Used as anticonvulsant and skeletal muscle relaxant; a benzodiazepine.

Metformin

Increases glucose use by muscle and fat cells; decreases hepatic glucose production.

SGLT Inhibitors

Blocks reabsorption of glucose in the kidney; promotes excretion in urine.

Lidocaine

Injectable local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels, causing loss of sensation.

Chloroprocaine

Injectable local anesthetic; causes more allergic reactions compared to amides.

General anesthesia

Inhaled agents that enhance transmission at inhibitory synapses.

Thiobarbiturates

Ultra short-acting barbiturates used for anesthesia; CNS depressants.

Propofol

Ultra-short acting drug used for anesthesia; causes rapid unconsciousness.

Vecuronium

Neuromuscular blocking agent that temporarily suspends nerve impulses.

Epoetin (Procrit)

Stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells; used for anemia.

Filgrastim (Neuropogen)

Stimulates production and activation of neutrophils; used for neutropenia.

Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)

Long-acting version of filgrastim; stimulates neutrophil production.

Oprelvekin (Neumega)

Prevents thrombocytopenia; stimulates platelet production.